Part I Customs and Excise, Value Added Tax and Car Tax

Chapter I Customs and Excise

Hydrocarbon oil duties

1 Rates

(1) In section 6 of the [1979 c. 14.] Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979 (duty on light oil and heavy oil)—

(a) in subsection (1), after “(2)” there shall be inserted “, (2A)”, and

(b) the following subsection shall be inserted after subsection (2)—

“(2A) The rate of duty for petrol which—

(a) has an anti-knock value below that specified as the minimum for 4 star petrol in the British Standard Specification BS 4040:1988, and

(b) is neither unleaded petrol (within the meaning of section 13A below) nor aviation gasoline,

shall be £0.2122 a litre.”

(2) In section 13A of that Act (rebate on unleaded petrol), for “£0.0202” there shall be substituted “£0.0272”.

(3) In Part I of Schedule 3 (regulations) to that Act, in paragraph 10A, after the word “Amending” there shall be inserted the words “the description of petrol falling within subsection (2A) of section 6 of this Act or” and for the words “section 6 of this Act” there shall be substituted the words “that section”.

(4) This section shall be deemed to have come into force at 6 o'clock in the evening of 14th March 1989.

2 Reliefs

(1) The following section shall be inserted after section 20A of the [1979 c. 5.] Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979—

“20AA Power to allow reliefs

(1) The Commissioners may make regulations allowing reliefs as regards—

(a) any duty of excise which has been charged in respect of hydrocarbon oil, petrol substitute, spirits used for making power methylated spirits, or road fuel gas;

(b) any amount which has been paid to the Commissioners under section 12(2) above;

(c) any amount which would (apart from the regulations) be payable to the Commissioners under section 12(2) above.

(2) The regulations may include such provision as the Commissioners think fit in connection with allowing reliefs, and in particular may—

(a) provide for relief to take the form of a repayment or remission;

(b) provide for relief to be allowed in cases or classes of case set out in the regulations;

(c) provide for relief to be allowed to the extent set out in the regulations;

(d) provide for relief to be allowed subject to conditions imposed by the regulations;

(e) provide for relief to be allowed subject to such conditions as the Commissioners may impose on the person claiming relief;

(f) provide for the taking of samples of hydrocarbon oil in order to ascertain whether relief should be allowed or has been properly allowed;

(g) make provision as to administration (which may include provision requiring the making of applications for relief);

(h) make different provision in relation to different cases or classes of case;

(i) include such supplementary, incidental, consequential or transitional provisions as appear to the Commissioners to be necessary or expedient.

(3) The conditions which may be imposed as mentioned in subsection (2)(d) or (e) above may include conditions as to the physical security of premises, the provision (by bond or otherwise) of security for payment, or such other matters as the Commissioners think fit.

(4) Where a person contravenes or fails to comply with any regulation made under this section or any condition imposed by or under such a regulation—

(a) he shall be liable on summary conviction to a penalty of three times the value of any goods in respect of which the contravention or failure occurred or a penalty of an amount represented by level 3 on the standard scale, whichever is the greater, and

(b) any goods in respect of which the contravention or failure occurred shall be liable to forfeiture.

(5) A reference in this section to a duty of excise includes a reference to any addition to such duty by virtue of section 1 of the [1979 c. 8.] (5)Excise Duties (Surcharges or Rebates) Act 1979.

(6) Schedule 5 to this Act shall have effect with respect to any sample of hydrocarbon oil taken in pursuance of regulations made under this section.”

(2) In consequence of subsection (1) above, in paragraph 6 of Schedule 5 to the [1979 c. 5.] (2)Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979 after “section” there shall be inserted “20AA or”.

Alcoholic liquor duties

3 Original gravity of beer

(1) In section 3(5) of the [1979 c. 4.] Alcoholic Liquor Duties Act 1979 (under which the gravity of worts as ascertained by the proper officer is relevant for certain purposes) for the words from “proper officer” to the end there shall be substituted the words “brewer in accordance with subsection (2) above and recorded by him in pursuance of regulations made under section 49 below.”

(2) This section applies to worts if the brewer ascertains their gravity in accordance with section 3(2) of the Alcoholic Liquor Duties Act 1979, for the purpose of the record kept by him in pursuance of regulations under section 49 of that Act, on or after the day on which this Act is passed.

4 Blending made-wines etc

(1) Section 55 of the Alcoholic Liquor Duties Act 1979 (charge of excise duty on made-wine) shall be amended as follows.

(2) In subsection (5) (which, where certain conditions are satisfied, lifts the requirement to hold a licence for premises where made-wine is produced), after paragraph (d) there shall be added “and

(e) he does not blend or otherwise mix—

(i) two or more made-wines, or

(ii) one or more made-wines and one or more wines,

so as to produce made-wine the rate of duty applicable to which is higher than the rate applicable to at least one of the constituent liquors.”

(3) After subsection (5) there shall be inserted—

“(5A) For the purposes of subsection (5) above—

(a) the rate of duty applicable to any made-wine is that which is or would be chargeable under subsection (1) above on its importation into the United Kingdom; and

(b) the rate of duty applicable to any wine is that which is or would be chargeable under subsection (1) of section 54 above on its importation into the United Kingdom.”

(4) This section shall have effect in relation to the blending or other mixing of made-wines, or of made-wines and wines, on or after the day on which this Act is passed.

5 Description as beer

Section 73 of the [1979 c. 4.] Alcoholic Liquor Duties Act 1979 (which prohibits anyone from describing as beer any substance on which beer duty has not been paid) shall cease to have effect.

Vehicles excise duty

6 Rates

(1) The Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971 (“the 1971 Act”) and the Vehicles (Excise) Act (Northern Ireland) [1972 c. 10 (N.I.).] 1972 (“the 1972 Act”) shall be amended as follows.

(2) For the words—

(a) “in the second column of” in paragraph 1 of Schedule 2 to the 1971 Act (rates of duty on hackney carriages), and

(b) “in column 2 of” in paragraph 1 of Schedule 2 to the 1972 Act,

there shall be substituted the words “in relation to its seating capacity in the Table in”; and for the Table in Part II of each of those Schedules there shall be substituted the Table set out in Part I of Schedule 1 to this Act.

(3) In Part II of Schedule 4 to the 1971 Act, for Tables A, A(1) and A(2) (rates for rigid goods vehicles having plated gross weight exceeding 12 tonnes) there shall be substituted the Tables set out in Part II of Schedule 1 to this Act.

(4) The Tables set out in Part II of Schedule 1 to this Act shall also be substituted for Tables A, A(1) and A(2) in Part II of Schedule 4 to the 1972 Act, but modified for that purpose by the substitution for any reference to a plated gross weight of a reference to a relevant maximum weight.

(5) In paragraph 2 of Schedule 4A to the 1971 Act and the 1972 Act (rates of duty for vehicles carrying or drawing exceptional loads) for “£1,600” there shall be substituted “£3,100”.

(6) In—

(a) subsection (5) of section 16 of the 1971 Act (rates of duty for trade licences), including that subsection as set out in paragraph 12 of Part I of Schedule 7 to that Act, and

(b) subsection (6) of section 16 of the 1972 Act, including that subsection as set out in paragraph 12 of Part I of Schedule 9 to that Act,

for “£85” and “£17” there shall be substituted “£100” and “£20” respectively.

(7) This section shall apply in relation to licences taken out after 14th March 1989.

7 Community buses

(1) Section 38(1) of the [1971 c. 10.] Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971 shall be amended as follows.

(2) Before the definition of “conditional sale agreement” there shall be inserted—

• ““community bus” means a vehicle used on public roads solely in accordance with a community bus permit (within the meaning of section 22 of the [1985 c. 67.] Transport Act 1985), and not used for providing a service under an agreement providing for service subsidies (within the meaning of section 63(10)(b) of that Act);”.

(3) In the definition of “hackney carriage”, there shall be added at the end the words “but does not include a community bus”.

8 Special machines

(1) The amendments of the Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971 and the [1972 c. 10 (N.I.).] Vehicles (Excise) Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 set out in Schedule 2 to this Act shall have effect for the purpose of, or in connection with, replacing certain existing classes of vehicles chargeable with duty under Schedule 3 to each of those Acts with a single class of vehicles, namely that of special machines; and shall so have effect in relation to licences taken out after 14th March 1989.

(2) As from 15th March 1989, paragraph 2 of Schedule 1 to the [1979 c. 5.] Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979 (vehicles which are not road vehicles within the meaning of that Act) shall have effect with the substitution of the following sub-paragraph for sub-paragraph (b)—

“(b) a special machine within the meaning of Schedule 3 to that Act;”.

9 Recovery vehicles

In paragraph 8(2)(d) of Part I of Schedule 3 to each of the Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971 and the Vehicles (Excise) Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 the words “any load other than” shall be omitted.

10 Powers of Secretary of State with respect to assignment of registration marks

(1) Section 19 of each of the Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971 and the Vehicles (Excise) Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 (registration and registration marks) shall be amended as follows.

(2) After subsection (1) there shall be inserted—

“(1A) The Secretary of State may, in such circumstances as he may determine—

(a) assign a registration mark to a vehicle to which another registration mark has been previously assigned;

(b) assign to a vehicle (whether on its first registration or not) a registration mark previously assigned to another vehicle;

(c) (whether in connection with an assignment falling within either of the preceding paragraphs or not) withdraw any registration mark for the time being assigned to a vehicle;

(d) re-assign to a vehicle a registration mark previously assigned to it but subsequently withdrawn.”

(3) In subsection (2), after the words “registration mark” there shall be inserted the words “for the time being”.

(4) Nothing in this section shall be construed as affecting the operation of—

(a) either of the Acts referred to in subsection (1) above, or

(b) any regulations made under either of those Acts,

in relation to any time before the day on which this Act is passed.

11 Retention of registration mark pending transfer to another vehicle

(1) The Secretary of State may by regulations provide for a person in whose name a vehicle is registered to be granted a right, exercisable on a single occasion falling within a specified period, to have the registration mark for the time being assigned to the vehicle assigned to some other vehicle, being a vehicle registered—

(a) in that person’s name, or

(b) in the name of some other person nominated by him in accordance with the regulations.

(2) Regulations under this section may, in particular, make provision—

(a) for the manner in which an application for the grant of such a right (referred to in the following provisions of this section as a “right of retention”) is to be made to the Secretary of State;

(b) for the payment of a specified fee on the making of such an application and for the whole or part of the fee to be retained whether or not the application is granted;

(c) for requiring the vehicle to which the registration mark in question is for the time being assigned to be made available for inspection at a place designated by or under the regulations;

(d) for authorising the Secretary of State to refuse such an application on such grounds as he thinks fit;

(e) with respect to the manner in which rights of retention are to be exercisable;

(f) for enabling the period referred to in subsection (1) above to be extended by the Secretary of State if he thinks fit in the circumstances of any particular case;

(g) for rights of retention to be non-transferable (but without prejudice to the vesting of any such right in a person by operation of law);

(h) with respect to the conditions which must be satisfied before a registration mark may be assigned to a vehicle in pursuance of a right of retention;

(i) for authorising the Secretary of State to revoke a right of retention—

(i) if it appears to him that there are special reasons for doing so, or

(ii) in any other specified circumstances;

(j) for the payment, in connection with the assignment of a registration mark in pursuance of a right of retention, of such charge as is for the time being prescribed by virtue of section 12(1) of the [1976 c. 40.] Finance Act 1976;

(k) with respect to such incidental, consequential or supplemental matters as appear to the Secretary of State to be necessary or expedient for the purposes of the regulations.

(3) Regulations under this section may make different provision for different cases or circumstances.

(4) The power to make regulations under this section shall be exercisable by statutory instrument subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(5) The assignment by the Secretary of State of any registration mark to a vehicle in pursuance of a right of retention shall be without prejudice to the subsequent exercise by him, in relation to the mark, of any of his powers under subsection (1A) of the principal section (as amended by section 10 above).

(6) In this section—

• “the principal section” means—

  (a)

  section 19 of the [1971 c. 10.] Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971, or

  (b)

  in relation to Northern Ireland, section 19 of the [1972 c. 10 (N.I.).] Vehicles (Excise) Act (Northern Ireland) 1972;

• “right of retention” means such a right as is mentioned in subsection (1) above; and

• “specified” means specified in regulations under this section.

(7) Expressions used in this section or in section 12 below which are also used in the principal section have the same meaning as in that section.

12 Sale by Secretary of State of rights to particular registration marks

(1) This section shall apply to such registration marks that either—

(a) have never been assigned to a vehicle, or

(b) have been so assigned but (as a result of having been subsequently withdrawn) are not for the time being so assigned,

as the Secretary of State may from time to time determine.

(2) The Secretary of State may by regulations make a scheme providing for registration marks to which this section applies to be assigned to vehicles registered in the names of, or of the nominees of, persons who have acquired rights under the scheme to have the marks in question so assigned.

(3) Regulations under this section may, in particular, make provision—

(a) for a person to acquire a right under the scheme to have a particular registration mark to which this section applies assigned to a vehicle registered—

(i) in his name, or

(ii) in the name of some other person nominated by him in accordance with the scheme,

on payment of such sum as is payable in accordance with the scheme in respect of the acquisition of that right;

(b) with respect to—

(i) the manner in which agreements for the sale of such rights (referred to in the following provisions of this section as “relevant rights”) may be effected,

(ii) the terms which may be contained in, or incorporated into, such agreements, and

(iii) rights and liabilities arising in connection with such agreements otherwise than under any such terms;

(c) for enabling the Secretary of State to determine as he thinks fit—

(i) the prices at which particular relevant rights are to be sold or (as the case may be) the reserve prices applicable to the sale of any such rights, or

(ii) the manner in which any such prices are to be determined;

(d) with respect to the manner in which relevant rights are to be exercisable;

(e) for relevant rights to be exercisable only on a single occasion falling within a specified period (subject to any provision made by virtue of paragraph (f) below);

(f) for enabling any such period to be extended by the Secretary of State if he thinks fit in the circumstances of any particular case;

(g) for relevant rights to be non-transferable (but without prejudice to the vesting of any such right in a person by operation of law);

(h) with respect to the conditions which must be satisfied before a registration mark may be assigned to a vehicle in pursuance of a relevant right;

(i) for authorising the Secretary of State to revoke a relevant right—

(i) if it appears to him that there are special reasons for doing so, or

(ii) in any other specified circumstances;

(j) for the payment, in connection with the assignment of a registration mark in pursuance of a relevant right, of such charge as is for the time being prescribed by virtue of section 12(1) of the [1976 c. 40.] Finance Act 1976;

(k) with respect to such incidental, consequential or supplemental matters as appear to the Secretary of State to be necessary or expedient for the purposes of a scheme under this section.

(4) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (3)(b) above, regulations under this section may make provision for authorising the Secretary of State to make arrangements with other persons whereby such persons—

(a) are given authority (whether irrevocable or otherwise) to act on his behalf in offering for sale, and entering into agreements for the sale of, relevant rights in the case of such registration marks, and during such periods, as he may determine;

(b) are required to account to him for sums due to him under such agreements whether they have received any amounts due from the purchasers under the agreements or not; and

(c) may become entitled or subject to such rights or liabilities of the Secretary of State in connection with such agreements as may be specified.

(5) Regulations under this section may make different provision for different cases or circumstances, and may, in particular, exempt assignments of any specified class or description from any charge payable by virtue of subsection (3)(j) above.

(6) The power to make regulations under this section shall be exercisable by statutory instrument subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.

(7) Any sums received by the Secretary of State in respect of the sale of relevant rights shall be paid into the Consolidated Fund.

(8) Section 11(5) above shall apply for the purposes of this section as if the reference to a right of retention were a reference to a relevant right.

(9) In this section—

• “relevant right” means such a right as is mentioned in subsection (3)(a) above; and

• “specified” means specified in regulations under this section.

13 Registration documents

In section 23 of the [1971 c. 10.] Vehicles Excise Act 1971 as set out in paragraph 20 of Part I of Schedule 7 to that Act, in subsection (1)(d) and (e) (regulations about registration books), for the word “books”, in each place where it occurs, there shall be substituted the word “documents”.

14 Dishonoured cheques

(1) After section 26 of the Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971 there shall be inserted—

“26A Dishonoured cheques: additional liability in certain cases

(1) Where a person has been convicted of an offence under section 102 of the [1979 c. 2.] Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 (payment for licence by dishonoured cheque) in relation to a licence issued under this Act, the court shall, in addition to any penalty which it may impose under that section, order him to pay an amount equal to one twelfth of the appropriate annual rate of duty for each month or part of a month in the relevant period.

(2) The relevant period for the purposes of this section is the period which—

(a) begins with the first day of the period for which the licence was applied for or, if it is later, the day on which the licence first was to have effect, and

(b) ends with whichever is the earliest of the following, namely—

(i) the end of the month in which the order is made;

(ii) the date on which the licence was due to expire;

(iii) the end of the month during which the licence was delivered up; and

(iv) the end of the month preceding that in which a new licence for the licensed vehicle first had effect.

(3) The appropriate annual rate of duty for the purposes of this section is the annual rate of duty which, at the beginning of the relevant period, was appropriate to a vehicle of the description specified in the application.

(4) Where an order has previously been made against a person under section 9 of this Act to pay an amount for a month or part of a month in the case of a vehicle, the amount which he is ordered to pay under this section in the case of the vehicle shall be calculated as if no part of that month were comprised in the relevant period.”

(2) After section 26 of the [1972 c. 10 (N.I.).] Vehicles (Excise) Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 there shall be inserted the section set out in subsection (1) above, but with the substitution for the reference to section 102 of the[1979 c. 2.] Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 of a reference to section 10 of the [1972 c. 11 (N.I.).] Miscellaneous Transferred Excise Duties Act (Northern Ireland) 1972.

(3) In section 9 of the [1971 c. 10.] Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971 (additional liability for keeping unlicensed vehicle) after subsection (3) there shall be inserted—

“(3A) Where an order has previously been made against a person under section 26A of this Act to pay an amount for a month or part of a month in the case of a vehicle, the amount which he is ordered to pay under this section in the case of the vehicle shall be calculated as if no part of that month were comprised in the relevant period.”

(4) In section 9 of the Vehicles (Excise) Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 (corresponding provision in Northern Ireland) after subsection (4) there shall be inserted—

“(4A) Where an order has previously been made against a person under section 26A to pay an amount for a month or part of a month in the case of a vehicle, the amount which he is ordered to pay under this section in the case of the vehicle shall be calculated as if no part of that month were comprised in the relevant period.”

(5) In section 34 of the Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971 (establishing amount of penalty on plea of guilty by absent accused)—

(a) after the words “section 8 of this Act” there shall be inserted the words “, or under section 102 of the [1979 c. 2.] Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 in relation to a licence issued under this Act,”, and

(b) after the words “section 9(1)” in each place where they occur there shall be inserted the words “or, as the case may be, 26A(1)”.

(6) In section 32A of the [1972 c. 10 (N.I.).] Vehicles (Excise) Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 (corresponding provision in Northern Ireland)—

(a) after the words “section 8” there shall be inserted the words “or under section 10 of the [1972 c. 11 (N.I.).] Miscellaneous Transferred Excise Duties Act (Northern Ireland) 1972 in relation to a licence issued under this Act”, and

(b) after the words “section 9(1)” in each place where they occur there shall be inserted the words “or, as the case may be, section 26A(1)”.

(7) This section shall apply in relation to licences taken out on or after the day on which this Act is passed.

General

15 Estimation of excise duty

(1) Section 116A of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 (power to estimate excise duties) shall be amended as mentioned in subsections (2) and (3) below.

(2) In subsection (1)—

(a) after the words “excise duty” there shall be inserted “to which this section applies”, and

(b) for “the occupier of an excise warehouse or a distiller” there shall be substituted “a revenue trader”.

(3) The following subsection shall be inserted after subsection (2)—

“(3) This section applies to any excise duty other than one in relation to which provision for estimation is made by the [1981 c. 63.] Betting and Gaming Duties Act 1981 (that is to say, general betting, gaming licence and bingo duties).”

16 Time limits for proceedings

(1) After section 146 of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 there shall be inserted—

“146A Time limits for proceedings

(1) Except as otherwise provided in the customs and excise Acts, and notwithstanding anything in any other enactment, the following provisions shall apply in relation to proceedings for an offence under those Acts.

(2) Proceedings for an indictable offence shall not be commenced after the end of the period of 20 years beginning with the day on which the offence was committed.

(3) Proceedings for a summary offence shall not be commenced after the end of the period of 3 years beginning with that day but, subject to that, may be commenced at any time within 6 months from the date on which sufficient evidence to warrant the proceedings came to the knowledge of the prosecuting authority.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3) above, a certificate of the prosecuting authority as to the date on which such evidence as is there mentioned came to that authority’s knowledge shall be conclusive evidence of that fact.

(5) In the application of this section to Scotland—

(a) in subsection (2), “proceedings for an indictable offence” means proceedings on indictment;

(b) in subsection (3), “proceedings for a summary offence” means summary proceedings.

(6) In the application of this section to Northern Ireland—

(a) “indictable offence” means an offence which, if committed by an adult, is punishable on conviction on indictment (whether only on conviction on indictment, or either on conviction on indictment or on summary conviction);

(b) “summary offence” means an offence which, if committed by an adult, is punishable only on summary conviction.

(7) In this section, “prosecuting authority” means the Commissioners and includes, in Scotland, the procurator fiscal.”

(2) Section 147(1) of that Act shall cease to have effect.

(3) In section 28(5) of the [1971 c. 10.] Vehicles (Excise) Act 1971, for the words “section 147(1)” there shall be substituted the words “section 146A”.

(4) This section shall have effect in relation to offences committed on or after the day on which this Act is passed.

17 Disbursements in Port of London

In section 17 of the [1979 c. 2.] Customs and Excise Management Act 1979 (general rule that customs and excise receipts, after deduction of disbursements, are to be paid into the Commissioners' General Account at the Bank of England) paragraph (a) of subsection (5) (special rule that disbursements in Port of London are to be paid out of that Account) shall cease to have effect.

Chapter II Value Added Tax

Zero-rating etc.

18 Buildings and land

Schedule 3 to this Act (which makes provision about value added tax on supplies relating to buildings and land) shall have effect.

19 Sewerage services and water

(1) Group 2 (sewerage services and water) of Schedule 5 (zero-rating) to the [1983 c. 55.] Value Added Tax Act 1983 shall be amended as follows.

(2) In item 1, there shall be substituted for paragraph (b)—

“(b) emptying of any cesspools, septic tanks or similar receptacles which are used otherwise than in connection with the carrying on in the course of a business of a relevant industrial activity.”

(3) In item 2, there shall be inserted at the beginning the words “The supply, for use otherwise than in connection with the carrying on in the course of a business of a relevant industrial activity, of”.

(4) The following shall be inserted at the end—

• “Note: “Relevant industrial activity” means any activity described in any of Divisions 1 to 5 of the 1980 edition of the publication prepared by the Central Statistical Office and known as the Standard Industrial Classification.”

(5) This section shall have effect in relation to supplies made on or after 1st July 1990.

20 News services

(1) In Schedule 5 to the Value Added Tax Act 1983 Group 6 (news services) shall be omitted.

(2) This section shall have effect in relation to supplies made on or after 1st April 1989.

21 Fuel and power

(1) For Group 7 (fuel and power) of Schedule 5 to the Value Added Tax Act 1983 there shall be substituted—

“Group 7–Fuel and Power for Domestic or Charity Use

Item No.

1. Supplies for qualifying use of—

(a) coal, coke or other solid substances held out for sale solely as fuel;

(b) coal gas, water gas, producer gases or similar gases;

(c) petroleum gases, or other gaseous hydrocarbons, whether in a gaseous or liquid state;

(d) fuel oil, gas oil or kerosene; or

(e) electricity, heat or air-conditioning.

Notes:

(1) “Qualifying use” means—

(a) domestic use; or

(b) use by a charity otherwise than in the course or furtherance of a business.

(2) The following supplies are always for domestic use—

(a) a supply of not more than one tonne of coal or coke held out for sale as domestic fuel;

(b) a supply of wood, peat or charcoal not intended for sale by the recipient;

(c) a supply to a person at any premises of piped gas (that is, gas within paragraph (b) of item 1, or petroleum gas in a gaseous state, provided through pipes) where the gas (together with any other piped gas provided to him at the premises by the same supplier) was not provided at a rate exceeding 150 therms a month;

(d) a supply of petroleum gas in a liquid state where the gas is supplied in cylinders the net weight of each of which is less than 50 kilogrammes and either the number of cylinders supplied is 20 or fewer or the gas is not intended for sale by the recipient;

(e) a supply of petroleum gas in a liquid state, otherwise than in cylinders, to a person at any premises at which he is not able to store more than two tonnes of such gas;

(f) a supply of not more than 2,300 litres of fuel oil, gas oil or kerosene;

(g) a supply of electricity to a person at any premises where the electricity (together with any other electricity provided to him at the premises by the same supplier) was not provided at a rate exceeding 1000 kilowatt hours a month.

(3) Supplies not within Note (2) are for domestic use if and only if the goods supplied are for use in—

(a) a building, or part of a building, which consists of a dwelling or number of dwellings;

(b) a building, or part of a building, used for a relevant residential purpose;

(c) self-catering holiday accommodation;

(d) a caravan; or

(e) a houseboat.

(4) Use for a relevant residential purpose means use as—

(a) a home or other institution providing residential accommodation for children;

(b) a home or other institution providing residential accommodation with personal care for persons in need of personal care by reason of old age, disablement, past or present dependence on alcohol or drugs or past or present mental disorder;

(c) a hospice;

(d) residential accommodation for students or school pupils;

(e) residential accommodation for members of any of the armed forces;

(f) a monastery, nunnery or similar establishment; or

(g) an institution which is the sole or main residence of at least 90 per cent. of its residents,

except use as a hospital, a prison or similar institution or an hotel or inn or similar establishment.

(5) Self-catering holiday accommodation includes any accommodation advertised or held out as such.

(6) “Houseboat” means a boat or other floating decked structure designed or adapted for use solely as a place of permanent habitation and not having means of, or capable of being readily adapted for, self-propulsion.

(7) Where there is a supply of goods partly for qualifying use and partly not—

(a) if at least 60 per cent. of the goods are supplied for qualifying use, the whole supply shall be treated as a supply for qualifying use; and

(b) in any other case, an apportionment shall be made to determine the extent to which the supply is a supply for qualifying use.

(8) Paragraph (a) of item 1 shall be deemed to include combustible materials put up for sale for kindling fires but shall not include matches upon which a duty of customs or excise has been or is to be charged.

(9) Paragraphs (b) and (c) of item 1 do not include any road fuel gas (within the meaning of the [1979 c. 5.] Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979) on which a duty of excise has been charged or is chargeable.

(10) Paragraph (d) of item 1 does not include hydrocarbon oil on which a duty of excise has been or is to be charged without relief from, or rebate of, such duty by virtue of the provisions of the Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979.

(11) “Fuel oil” means heavy oil which contains in solution an amount of asphaltenes of not less than 0.5 per cent. or which contains less than 0.5 per cent. but not less than 0.1 per cent. of asphaltenes and has a closed flash point not exceeding 150°C.

(12) “Gas oil” means heavy oil of which not more than 50 per cent. by volume distils at a temperature not exceeding 240°C and of which more than 50 per cent. by volume distils at a temperature not exceeding 340°C.

(13) “Kerosene” means heavy oil of which more than 50 per cent. by volume distils at a temperature not exceeding 240°C.

(14) “Heavy oil” shall have the same meaning as in the Hydrocarbon Oil Duties Act 1979.”

(2) This section shall have effect in relation to supplies made on or after lst July 1990.

22 Protective boots and helmets

(1) In item 2 of Group 17 (protective boots and helmets) of Schedule 5 to the [1983 c. 55.] Value Added Tax Act 1983 there shall be inserted at the beginning the words “The supply to a person for use otherwise than by employees of his of”.

(2) In Note (5) to that Group (supply of certain goods to include supply of certain services in respect of such goods) there shall be inserted at the end the words “, but, in the case of goods comprised in item 2, only if the goods are for use otherwise than by employees of the person to whom the services are supplied.”

(3) This section shall have effect in relation to supplies made on or after 1st April 1989.

23 Incorrect certificates

(1) The following section shall be inserted in the [1985 c. 54.] Finance Act 1985 after section 13—

“13A Incorrect certificates as to zero-rating etc

(1) Subject to subsections (3) and (4) below, where—

(a) a person to whom one or more supplies are, or are to be, made gives to the supplier—

(i) a certificate that the supply or supplies fall, or will fall, wholly or partly within Group 7, 8 or 8A of Schedule 5, or Group 1 of Schedule 6, to the principal Act; or

(ii) a certificate such as is mentioned in paragraph 13(4)(f) of Schedule 3 to the Finance Act 1989 relating to the supply or supplies; and

(b) the certificate is incorrect,

the person giving the certificate shall be liable to a penalty.

(2) The amount of the penalty shall be equal to the difference between the amount of the tax which would have been chargeable on the supply or supplies if the certificate had been correct and the amount of tax actually so chargeable.

(3) The giving of a certificate shall not give rise to a penalty under this section if the person who gave it satisfies the Commissioners or, on appeal, a value added tax tribunal that there is a reasonable excuse for his having given it.

(4) Where by reason of giving a certificate a person is convicted of an offence (whether under the principal Act or otherwise), the giving of the certificate shall not also give rise to a penalty under this section.”

(2) This section shall have effect in relation to certificates given on or after the day on which this Act is passed.

Other provisions

24 Recovery of overpaid VAT

(1) Where a person has paid an amount to the Commissioners by way of value added tax which was not tax due to them, they shall be liable to repay the amount to him.

(2) The Commissioners shall only be liable to repay an amount under this section on a claim being made for the purpose.

(3) It shall be a defence, in relation to a claim under this section, that repayment of an amount would unjustly enrich the claimant.

(4) No amount may be claimed under this section after the expiry of 6 years from the date on which it was paid, except where subsection (5) below applies.

(5) Where an amount has been paid to the Commissioners by reason of a mistake, a claim for the repayment of the amount under this section may be made at any time before the expiry of 6 years from the date on which the claimant discovered the mistake or could with reasonable diligence have discovered it.

(6) A claim under this section shall be made in such form and manner and shall be supported by such documentary evidence as the Commissioners prescribe by regulations; and regulations under this subsection may make different provision for different cases.

(7) Except as provided by this section, the Commissioners shall not be liable to repay an amount paid to them by way of value added tax by virtue of the fact that it was not tax due to them.

(8) The preceding provisions of this section apply to an amount paid before, as well as to an amount paid after, the day on which this section comes into force, except where the Commissioners have received a claim for repayment of the amount before that day.

(9) The following paragraph shall be inserted at the end of section 40(1) of the [1983 c. 55.] Value Added Tax Act 1983 (appeals)—

“(s) a claim for the repayment of an amount under section 24 of the Finance Act 1989 (recovery of overpaid tax).”

(10) This section shall come into force on such day as the Treasury may by order made by statutory instrument appoint.

(11) Section 45 of the Value Added Tax Act 1983 (orders) shall not apply to subsection (10) above.

25 Administration etc.

(1) Schedule 7 to the Value Added Tax Act 1983 (administration, collection and enforcement) shall be amended as follows.

(2) In paragraph 2 (accounting for and payment of tax) for paragraphs (b) and (c) of sub-paragraph (4) there shall be substituted—

“(b) with respect to the making of entries in accounts for the purpose of making adjustments, whether for the correction of errors or otherwise; and

(c) for the making of financial adjustments in connection with the making of entries in accounts for the purpose mentioned in paragraph (b) above.”

(3) In paragraph 7(1) (power to require the keeping of records) after the word “may” there shall be inserted the words “by regulations”.

(4) After paragraph 7(1) there shall be inserted—

“(1A) Regulations under sub-paragraph (1) above may make different provision for different cases and may be framed by reference to such records as may be specified in any notice published by the Commissioners in pursuance of the regulations and not withdrawn by a further notice.”

(5) This section shall come into force on such day as the Treasury may by order made by statutory instrument appoint.

(6) Section 45 of the Value Added Tax Act 1983 (orders) shall not apply to subsection (5) above.

26 Input tax on self-supplies

At the end of subsection (3) of section 15 of the [1983 c. 55.] Value Added Tax Act 1983 (input tax allowable under section 14) there shall be added—

“(d) preventing input tax on a supply which, under or by virtue of any provision of this Act, a person makes to himself from being allowable as attributable to that supply.”

Chapter III Miscellaneous

27 Relief where vehicle leased to the handicapped.

(1) After section 5 of the [1983 c. 53.] Car Tax Act 1983 there shall be inserted the following section—

“5A Relief where vehicle leased to the handicapped.

(1) This section applies where on the date when, apart from subsection (2)(a) below, tax on a chargeable vehicle would become due from a person registered under this Act, there is held by him or on his behalf a certificate of a person to whom the vehicle is sold (“the lessor”) that the lessor intends to supply the vehicle to another in such circumstances that the supply will be a zero-rated supply by virtue of item 12 of Group 14 (letting on hire of motor vehicles to the handicapped) of Schedule 5 to the [1983 c. 55.] Value Added Tax Act 1983.

(2) Tax on the vehicle—

(a) shall not be payable by the registered person, but

(b) if, within the period of three years beginning with that date, the lessor supplies the vehicle in any circumstances other than those mentioned in subsection (1) above, shall be payable by the lessor and shall become due and payable at the time of the supply.

(3) In this section—

• “certificate” means a certificate in a form for the time being approved by the Commissioners, and

• “supply” has the same meaning as in the Value Added Tax Act 1983.”

(2) In section 5 of the Car Tax Act 1983 (liability and payment), in subsection (1), at the end of paragraph (a), there shall be inserted the words “subject to section 5A below”.

(3) The powers conferred by Schedule 1 to that Act to require accounts and records to be preserved and produced shall be exercisable also in relation to any certificate which has been held by or on behalf of a registered person for the purposes of section 5A of that Act.

(4) In paragraph 13 of that Schedule (restriction on registration of chargeable vehicles), after sub-paragraph (c) there shall be inserted “or

(d) that, by virtue of section 5A of this Act, tax on it has not become due and payable.”

28 Reliefs from duties and taxes for persons enjoying certain immunities and privileges

(1) After section 13 of the [1979 c. 3.] Customs and Excise Duties (General Reliefs) Act 1979 there shall be inserted the following sections—

“13A Reliefs from duties and taxes for persons enjoying certain immunities and privileges

(1) The Commissioners may by order make provision for conferring in respect of any persons to whom this section applies reliefs, by way of remission or repayment, from payment by them or others of duties of customs or excise, value added tax or car tax.

(2) An order under this section may make any relief for which it provides subject to such conditions binding the person in respect of whom the relief is conferred and, if different, the person liable apart from the relief for payment of the tax or duty (including conditions which are to be complied with after the time when, apart from the relief, the duty or tax would become payable) as may be imposed by or under the order.

(3) An order under this section may include any of the provisions mentioned in subsection (4) below for cases where—

(a) relief from payment of any duty of customs or excise, value added tax or car tax chargeable on any goods, or on the supply of any goods or services or the importation of any goods has been conferred (whether by virtue of an order under this section or otherwise) in respect of any person to whom this section applies, and

(b) any condition required to be complied with in connection with the relief is not complied with.

(4) The provisions referred to in subsection (3) above are—

(a) provision for payment to the Commissioners of the tax or duty by—

(i) the person liable, apart from the relief, for its payment, or

(ii) any person bound by the condition, or

(iii) any person who is or has been in possession of the goods or has received the benefit of the services,

or for two or more of those persons to be jointly and severally liable for such payment, and

(b) in the case of goods, provision for forfeiture of the goods.

(5) An order under this section—

(a) may contain such incidental and supplementary provisions as the Commissioners think necessary or expedient, and

(b) may make different provision for different cases.

(6) In this section and section 13C of this Act—

• “duty of customs” includes any agricultural levy within the meaning of section 6 of the [1972 c. 68.] European Communities Act 1972 chargeable on goods imported into the United Kingdom, and

• “duty of excise” means any duty of excise chargeable on goods and includes any addition to excise duty by virtue of section 1 of the [1979 c. 8.] Excise Duties (Surcharges or Rebates) Act 1979.

(7) For the purposes of this section and section 13C of this Act, where in respect of any person to whom this section applies relief is conferred (whether by virtue of an order under this section or otherwise) in relation to the use of goods by any persons or for any purposes, the relief is to be treated as conferred subject to a condition binding on him that the goods will be used only by those persons or for those purposes.

(8) Nothing in any order under this section shall be construed as authorising a person to import any thing in contravention of any prohibition or restriction for the time being in force with respect to it under or by virtue of any enactment.

13B Persons to whom section 13A applies

(1) The persons to whom section 13A of this Act applies are—

(a) any person who, for the purposes of any provision of the [1952 c. 67.] Visiting Forces Act 1952 or the [1964 c. 5.] International Headquarters and Defence Organisations Act 1964 is—

(i) a member of a visiting force or of a civilian component of such a force or a dependant of such a member, or

(ii) a headquarters, a member of a headquarters or a dependant of such a member,

(b) any person enjoying any privileges or immunities under or by virtue of—

(i) the [1964 c. 81.] Diplomatic Privileges Act 1964,

(ii) the [1966 c. 10.] Commonwealth Secretariat Act 1966,

(iii) the [1968 c. 18.] Consular Relations Act 1968,

(iv) the [1968 c. 48.] International Organisations Act 1968, or

(v) the [1980 c. 63.] Overseas Development and Co-operation Act 1980,

(c) any person enjoying, under or by virtue of section 2 of the European Communities Act 1972, any privileges or immunities similar to those enjoyed under or by virtue of the enactments referred to in paragraph (b) above.

(2) The Secretary of State may by order amend subsection (1) above to include any persons enjoying any privileges or immunities similar to those enjoyed under or by virtue of the enactments referred to in paragraph (b) of that subsection.

(3) No order shall be made under this section unless a draft of the order has been laid before and approved by resolution of each House of Parliament.

13C Offence where relieved goods used, etc., in breach of condition

(1) Subsection (2) below applies where—

(a) any relief from payment of any duty of customs or excise, value added tax or car tax chargeable on, or on the supply or importation of, any goods has been conferred (whether by virtue of an order under section 13A of this Act or otherwise) in respect of any person to whom that section applies subject to any condition as to the persons by whom or the purposes for which the goods may be used, and

(b) if the tax or duty has subsequently become payable, it has not been paid.

(2) If any person—

(a) acquires the goods for his own use, where he is not permitted by the condition to use them, or for use for a purpose that is not permitted by the condition or uses them for such a purpose, or

(b) acquires the goods for use, or causes or permits them to be used, by a person not permitted by the condition to use them or by a person for a purpose that is not permitted by the condition or disposes of them to a person not permitted by the condition to use them,

with intent to evade payment of any tax or duty that has become payable or that, by reason of the disposal, acquisition or use, becomes or will become payable, he is guilty of an offence.

(3) For the purposes of this section—

(a) in the case of a condition as to the persons by whom goods may be used, a person is not permitted by the condition to use them unless he is a person referred to in the condition as permitted to use them, and

(b) in relation to a condition as to the purposes for which goods may be used, a purpose is not permitted by the condition unless it is a purpose referred to in the condition as a permitted purpose,

and in this section “dispose” includes “lend” and “let on hire”, and “acquire” shall be interpreted accordingly.

(4) A person guilty of an offence under this section may be detained and shall be liable—

(a) on summary conviction, to a penalty of the statutory maximum or of three times the value of the goods (whichever is the greater), or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to both, or

(b) on conviction on indictment, to a penalty of any amount, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years, or to both.”

(2) Section 13C of the [1979 c. 3.] Customs and Excise Duties (General Reliefs) Act 1979 inserted by subsection (1) above shall have effect where relief is conferred on or after the day on which this Act is passed.

(3) In section 17 of the Customs and Excise Duties (General Reliefs) Act 1979, in subsection (3), for “or 13” there shall be substituted “13 or 13A” and, in subsection (4), for “or 13(1)” there shall be substituted “13(1) or 13A”.

29 Recovery of overpaid excise duty and car tax

(1) This section applies to proceedings for restitution of an amount paid to the Commissioners of Customs and Excise by way of excise duty or car tax.

(2) Proceedings to which this section applies shall not be dismissed by reason only of the fact that the amount was paid by reason of a mistake of law.

(3) In any proceedings to which this section applies it shall be a defence that repayment of an amount would unjustly enrich the claimant.

(4) This section shall have effect in relation to proceedings commenced on or after the day on which this Act is passed.

Part II Income Tax, Corporation Tax and Capital Gains Tax

Chapter I General

Income tax rates and allowances

30 Charge and rates of income tax for 1989-90

(1) Income tax shall be charged for the year 1989-90, and the basic rate of tax shall be 25 per cent.

(2) The higher rate at which income tax is charged for the year 1989-90 in respect of so much of an individual’s total income as exceeds the basic rate limit (£20,700) shall be 40 per cent.

31 Age allowance

(1) In section 257 of the Taxes Act 1988—

(a) in subsection (3) (increased allowance for those aged 80 and over) for “80”, wherever occurring, there shall be substituted “75”, and

(b) in subsection (5) (age allowance withdrawn by two-thirds of amount by which income exceeds a specified limit) for “two-thirds” there shall be substituted “one half”.

(2) This section shall have effect for the year 1989-90.

32 Operative date for PAYE

For the year 1989-90, sections 1(5) and 257(10) of the Taxes Act 1988 (which specify the date from which indexed changes in the basic rate limit and in allowances are to be brought into account for the purposes of PAYE) shall have effect as if for the reference to 5th May there were substituted a reference to 18th May.

33 Married couples

(1) Sections 257 to 257F and 265 of the Taxes Act 1988, as inserted for the year 1990-91 and subsequent years by the [1988 c. 39.] Finance Act 1988, shall be amended as follows.

(2) In section 257(1) for “£2,605” there shall be substituted “£2,785”.

(3) In section 257(2) for “£3,180” there shall be substituted “£3,400”.

(4) In section 257(3)—

(a) for “80” there shall be substituted “75”, and

(b) for “£3,310” there shall be substituted “£3,540”.

(5) In section 257(5)—

(a) for “£10,600” there shall be substituted “£11,400”, and

(b) for “two-thirds” there shall be substituted “one half”.

(6) In section 257A(1) for “£1,490” there shall be substituted “£1,590”.

(7) In section 257A(2) for “£1,855” there shall be substituted “£1,985”.

(8) In section 257A(3)—

(a) for “80” there shall be substituted “75”, and

(b) for “£1,895” there shall be substituted “£2,025”.

(9) In section 257A(5)—

(a) for “£10,600” there shall be substituted “£11,400”, and

(b) for “two-thirds” there shall be substituted “one half”.

(10) In sections 257B(2), 257D(8) and 265(3) after paragraph (b) there shall be inserted “or

(c) on account of any payments to which section 593(2) or 639(3) applies,”.

(11) In section 257E(1)(b) for “80” there shall be substituted “75”.

(12) In section 257E(2)(a) for “£3,180” there shall be substituted “£3,400”.

(13) In section 257E(2)(b) for “£3,310” there shall be substituted “£3,540”.

Corporation tax rates etc.

34 Charge and rate of corporation tax for financial year 1989

Corporation tax shall be charged for the financial year 1989 at the rate of 35 per cent.

35 Corporation tax: small companies

(1) For the financial year 1989—

(a) the small companies' rate shall be 25 per cent., and

(b) the fraction mentioned in section 13(2) of the Taxes Act 1988 (marginal relief for small companies) shall be one fortieth.

(2) In section 13(3) of that Act (limits of marginal relief), in paragraphs (a) and (b)—

(a) for “£100,000” there shall be substituted “£150,000”, and

(b) for “£500,000” there shall be substituted “£750,000”.

(3) Subsection (2) above shall have effect for the financial year 1989 and subsequent financial years; and where by virtue of that subsection section 13 of the Taxes Act 1988 has effect with different relevant maximum amounts in relation to different parts of a company’s accounting period, then for the purposes of that section those parts shall be treated as if they were separate accounting periods and the profits and basic profits of the company for that period shall be apportioned between those parts.

Receipts basis etc.

36 Schedule E: revised Cases

(1) The Taxes Act 1988 shall be amended as follows.

(2) In paragraph 1 of section 19(1) the following Cases shall be substituted for Cases I, II and III—

“Case I: any emoluments for any year of assessment in which the person holding the office or employment is resident and ordinarily resident in the United Kingdom, subject however to section 192 if the emoluments are foreign emoluments (within the meaning of that section) and to section 193(1) if in the year of assessment concerned he performs the duties of the office or employment wholly or partly outside the United Kingdom;

Case II: any emoluments, in respect of duties performed in the United Kingdom, for any year of assessment in which the person holding the office or employment is not resident (or, if resident, not ordinarily resident) in the United Kingdom, subject however to section 192 if the emoluments are foreign emoluments (within the meaning of that section);

Case III: any emoluments for any year of assessment in which the person holding the office or employment is resident in the United Kingdom (whether or not ordinarily resident there) so far as the emoluments are received in the United Kingdom;”.

(3) The following paragraph shall be inserted after paragraph 4 of section 19(1)—

“4A. Where (apart from this paragraph) emoluments from an office or employment would be for a year of assessment in which a person does not hold the office or employment, the following rules shall apply for the purposes of the Cases set out in paragraph 1 above—

(a) if in the year concerned the office or employment has never been held, the emoluments shall be treated as emoluments for the first year of assessment in which the office or employment is held;

(b) if in the year concerned the office or employment is no longer held, the emoluments shall be treated as emoluments for the last year of assessment in which the office or employment was held.”

(4) Subsection (2) above shall apply where the year of assessment mentioned in the substituted Case I, II or III is 1989-90 or a subsequent year of assessment.

(5) Subsection (3) above shall apply where each of the years mentioned in the new paragraph 4A(a) or (b) (as the case may be) is 1989-90 or a subsequent year of assessment.

37 Schedule E: assessment on receipts basis

(1) The following sections shall be inserted immediately before section 203 of the Taxes Act 1988—

“202A Assessment on receipts basis

(1) As regards any particular year of assessment—

(a) income tax shall be charged under Cases I and II of Schedule E on the full amount of the emoluments received in the year in respect of the office or employment concerned;

(b) income tax shall be charged under Case III of Schedule E on the full amount of the emoluments received in the United Kingdom in the year in respect of the office or employment concerned.

(2) Subsection (1) above applies—

(a) whether the emoluments are for that year or for some other year of assessment;

(b) whether or not the office or employment concerned is held at the time the emoluments are received or (as the case may be) received in the United Kingdom.

(3) Where subsection (1) above applies in the case of emoluments received, or (as the case may be) received in the United Kingdom, after the death of the person who held the office or employment concerned, the charge shall be a charge on his executors or administrators; and accordingly income tax—

(a) shall be assessed and charged on the executors or administrators, and

(b) shall be a debt due from and payable out of the deceased’s estate.

(4) Section 202B shall have effect for the purposes of subsection (1)(a) above.

202B Receipts basis: meaning of receipt

(1) For the purposes of section 202A(1)(a) emoluments shall be treated as received at the time found in accordance with the following rules (taking the earlier or earliest time in a case where more than one rule applies)—

(a) the time when payment is made of or on account of the emoluments;

(b) the time when a person becomes entitled to payment of or on account of the emoluments;

(c) in a case where the emoluments are from an office or employment with a company, the holder of the office or employment is a director of the company and sums on account of the emoluments are credited in the company’s accounts or records, the time when sums on account of the emoluments are so credited;

(d) in a case where the emoluments are from an office or employment with a company, the holder of the office or employment is a director of the company and the amount of the emoluments for a period is determined before the period ends, the time when the period ends;

(e) in a case where the emoluments are from an office or employment with a company, the holder of the office or employment is a director of the company and the amount of the emoluments for a period is not known until the amount is determined after the period has ended, the time when the amount is determined.

(2) Subsection (1)(c), (d) or (e) above applies whether or not the office or employment concerned is that of director.

(3) Paragraph (c), (d) or (e) of subsection (1) above applies if the holder of the office or employment is a director of the company at any time in the year of assessment in which the time mentioned in the paragraph concerned falls.

(4) For the purposes of the rule in subsection (1)(c) above, any fetter on the right to draw the sums is to be disregarded.

(5) In subsection (1) above “director” means—

(a) in relation to a company whose affairs are managed by a board of directors or similar body, a member of that board or similar body,

(b) in relation to a company whose affairs are managed by a single director or similar person, that director or person, and

(c) in relation to a company whose affairs are managed by the members themselves, a member of the company.

(6) In subsection (1) above “director”, in relation to a company, also includes any person in accordance with whose directions or instructions the company’s directors (as defined in subsection (5) above) are accustomed to act; and for this purpose a person is not to be deemed to be a person in accordance with whose directions or instructions the company’s directors are accustomed to act by reason only that the directors act on advice given by him in a professional capacity.

(7) Subsections (1) to (6) above shall have effect subject to subsections (8) to (11) below.

(8) In a case where section 141(1)(a), 142(1)(a), 143(1)(a) or 148(4) treats a person as receiving or being paid an emolument or emoluments at a particular time, for the purposes of section 202A(1)(a) the emolument or emoluments shall be treated as received at that time; and in such a case subsections (1) to (6) above shall not apply.

(9) In a case where section 145(1) treats a person as receiving emoluments, for the purposes of section 202A(1)(a) the emoluments shall be treated as received in the period referred to in section 145(1); and in such a case subsections (1) to (6) above shall not apply.

(10) In a case where section 154(1), 157(1), 158(1), 160(1), 160(2), 162(6) or 164(1) treats an amount as emoluments, for the purposes of section 202A(1)(a) the emoluments shall be treated as received in the year referred to in section 154(1) or the other provision concerned; and in such a case subsections (1) to (6) above shall not apply.

(11) In a case where—

(a) emoluments take the form of a benefit not consisting of money, and

(b) subsection (8), (9) or (10) above does not apply,

for the purposes of section 202A(1)(a) the emoluments shall be treated as received at the time when the benefit is provided; and in such a case subsections (1) to (6) above shall not apply.”

(2) This section shall apply where the year of assessment mentioned in the new section 202A(1) is 1989-90 or a subsequent year of assessment even if the emoluments concerned are for a year of assessment before 1989-90.

(3) This section shall not apply in the case of emoluments of an office or employment held by a person who died before 6th April 1989.

38 Schedule E: unpaid emoluments

(1) This section applies to emoluments of an office or employment if—

(a) they are emoluments for a year of assessment (a relevant year) before 1989-90,

(b) they fall within Case I or II of Schedule E as the Case applies for years before 1989-90,

(c) they have not been paid before 6th April 1989, and

(d) they have been received on or after 6th April 1989 and before 6th April 1991;

and section 202B of the Taxes Act 1988 shall apply for the purposes of paragraph (d) above as it applies for the purposes of section 202A(1)(a) of that Act.

(2) The emoluments shall be charged to income tax only by reference to the year of assessment in which they are received.

(3) Any adjustments consequential on this section (such as the amendment of assessments or the repayment or setting-off of tax paid) shall be made.

(4) This section shall not apply to emoluments of an office or employment held by a person who died before 6th April 1989.

(5) This section shall not apply if the only emoluments of the office or employment not paid before 6th April 1989 are emoluments for a period consisting of or falling within the period beginning with 5th March 1989 and ending with 5th April 1989.

(6) This section shall not apply unless—

(a) written notice that it is to apply is given to the inspector before 6th April 1991,

(b) the notice is given by or on behalf of the person who holds or held the office or employment concerned, and

(c) the notice states the amount of the emoluments falling within subsection (1) above.

(7) Subsection (8) below applies where emoluments of an office or employment have been or fall to be computed by reference to the accounts basis as regards the year 1987-88 or years of assessment including that year.

(8) In deciding for the purposes of subsection (1)(a) above whether emoluments are emoluments for a particular year, the emoluments of the office or employment for the year or (as the case may be) years mentioned in subsection (7) above, and for the year 1988-89, shall be computed by reference to that basis.

(9) In deciding whether subsection (8) above applies in a particular case, any request to revoke the application of the accounts basis shall be ignored if—

(a) it is made after 5th April 1989, or

(b) it is made before 6th April 1989 otherwise than in writing.

(10) In the application of this section to emoluments of an office or employment under or with a person carrying on business as an authorised Lloyd’s underwriting agent, the references in subsections (1)(d) and (6)(a) above to 6th April 1991 shall be construed as references to 6th April 1994.

(11) Subsection (10) above shall not apply unless the duties of the office or employment relate wholly or mainly to the underwriting agency business.

(12) The reference in subsection (10) above to an authorised Lloyd’s underwriting agent is to a person permitted by the Council of Lloyd’s to act as an underwriting agent at Lloyd's.

(13) If in a particular case it appears to the Board reasonable to do so they may direct that subsections (1)(d) and (6)(a) above shall have effect in relation to that case as if for the references to 6th April 1991 or (as the case may be) 6th April 1994 there were substituted references to such later date as they may specify in the direction.

(14) In this section “the accounts basis” means the basis commonly so called (under which emoluments for a year of assessment are computed by reference to the emoluments for a period other than the year of assessment).

39 Schedule E: unremitted emoluments

(1) This section applies to emoluments of an office or employment if—

(a) they are emoluments for a year of assessment (a relevant year) before 1989-90,

(b) they are received in the United Kingdom after 5th April 1989, and

(c) had this Act not been passed they would have fallen within Case III of Schedule E.

(2) The emoluments shall be treated as if they were not emoluments for the relevant year.

(3) But they shall be treated as if they were emoluments for the year of assessment in which they are received in the United Kingdom and as if they fell within Case III as substituted by section 36 above; and accordingly income tax shall be charged, in accordance with section 202A of the Taxes Act 1988, by reference to the year of assessment in which the emoluments are received in the United Kingdom.

40 Schedule E: emoluments already paid

(1) Subsection (2) below applies to emoluments of an office or employment if—

(a) they are emoluments for a year of assessment after 1988-89,

(b) they have been paid before 6th April 1989, and

(c) they fall within Case I or II of Schedule E as substituted by section 36 above.

(2) The emoluments shall be treated as if they were received, within the meaning of section 202B of the Taxes Act 1988, on 6th April 1989; and accordingly income tax shall be charged, in accordance with section 202A of that Act, by reference to the year 1989-90.

(3) Subsection (4) below applies to emoluments of an office or employment if—

(a) they are emoluments for a year of assessment after 1988-89,

(b) they have been received in the United Kingdom before 6th April 1989, and

(c) they fall within Case III of Schedule E as substituted by section 36 above.

(4) The emoluments shall be treated as if they were received in the United Kingdom on 6th April 1989; and accordingly income tax shall be charged, in accordance with section 202A of the Taxes Act 1988, by reference to the year 1989-90.

41 Schedule E: pensions etc

(1) This section applies in relation to the following pensions and other benefits—

(a) a pension, stipend or annuity chargeable to income tax under Schedule E by virtue of paragraph 2, 3 or 4 of section 19(1) of the Taxes Act 1988;

(b) a pension or annual payment chargeable to income tax under Schedule E by virtue of section 133 of that Act (voluntary pensions);

(c) income support chargeable to income tax under Schedule E by virtue of section 151 of that Act;

(d) a pension chargeable to income tax under Schedule E by virtue of section 597 of that Act (retirement benefit schemes);

(e) a benefit chargeable to income tax under Schedule E by virtue of section 617(1) of that Act (social security benefits).

(2) As regards any particular year of assessment income tax shall be charged on the amount of the pension or other benefit accruing in respect of the year; and this shall apply irrespective of when any amount is actually paid in respect of the pension or other benefit.

(3) This section shall apply where the year of assessment mentioned in subsection (2) above is 1989-90 or a subsequent year of assessment.

42 Schedule E: supplementary

(1) The Taxes Act 1988 shall be amended as follows.

(2) In section 131(2) (interaction of Cases) the words “for the same or another chargeable period” shall be omitted.

(3) In section 149(1) (sick pay chargeable as emoluments of employment for a certain period) the words “for that period” and the words “for that or any other period” shall be omitted.

(4) Section 170 (profit-related pay charged for year of assessment in which it is paid) shall cease to have effect.

(5) In paragraph 2(2) of Schedule 12 (foreign earnings) for the words from “emoluments from” to “year of assessment” there shall be substituted the words “emoluments for the year of assessment from the relevant employment in respect of which such a deduction is allowed”.

(6) This section shall apply for the year 1989-90 and subsequent years of assessment.

43 Schedule D: computation

(1) Subsection (2) below applies where—

(a) a calculation is made of profits or gains which are to be charged under Schedule D and are for a period of account ending after 5th April 1989,

(b) relevant emoluments would (apart from that subsection) be deducted in making the calculation, and

(c) the emoluments are not paid before the end of the period of nine months beginning with the end of that period of account.

(2) The emoluments—

(a) shall not be deducted in making the calculation mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above, but

(b) shall be deducted in calculating profits or gains which are to be charged under Schedule D and are for the period of account in which the emoluments are paid.

(3) Subsections (4) and (5) below apply where—

(a) a calculation such as is mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above is made,

(b) the calculation is made before the end of the period of nine months beginning with the end of the period of account concerned,

(c) relevant emoluments would (apart from subsection (2) above) be deducted in making the calculation, and

(d) the emoluments have not been paid when the calculation is made.

(4) It shall be assumed for the purpose of making the calculation that the emoluments will not be paid before the end of that period of nine months.

(5) But the calculation shall be adjusted if—

(a) the emoluments are paid after the calculation is made but before the end of that period of nine months,

(b) a claim to adjust the calculation is made to the inspector, and

(c) the claim is made before the end of the period of two years beginning with the end of the period of account concerned.

(6) In the application of this section to the calculation of a person’s profits or gains as an authorised Lloyd’s underwriting agent—

(a) the references in subsections (1)(c), (3)(b), (4) and (5)(a) above to nine months shall be construed as references to three years and nine months, and

(b) the reference in subsection (5)(c) above to two years shall be construed as a reference to five years.

(7) The reference in subsection (6) above to an authorised Lloyd’s underwriting agent is to a person permitted by the Council of Lloyd’s to act as an underwriting agent at Lloyd's.

(8) In a case where the period of account mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above begins before 6th April 1989 and ends before 6th April 1990, the references in subsections (1)(c), (3)(b), (4) and (5)(a) above to nine months shall be construed as references to eighteen months.

(9) In this section “period of account” means a period for which an account is made up.

(10) For the purposes of this section “relevant emoluments” are emoluments for a period after 5th April 1989 allocated either—

(a) in respect of particular offices or employments (or both), or

(b) generally in respect of offices or employments (or both).

(11) This section applies in relation to potential emoluments as it applies in relation to relevant emoluments, and for this purpose—

(a) potential emoluments are amounts or benefits reserved in the accounts of an employer, or held by an intermediary, with a view to their becoming relevant emoluments;

(b) potential emoluments are paid when they become relevant emoluments which are paid.

(12) In deciding for the purposes of this section whether emoluments are paid at any time after 5th April 1989, section 202B of the Taxes Act 1988 (time when emoluments are treated as received) shall apply as it applies for the purposes of section 202A(1)(a) of that Act, but reading “paid” for “received” throughout.

(13) In section 436(1)(b) of the Taxes Act 1988 (profits to be computed in accordance with provisions of that Act applicable to Case I of Schedule D) the reference to that Act shall be deemed to include a reference to this section.

44 Investment and insurance companies: computation

(1) Subsection (2) below applies where—

(a) a calculation is made for the purposes of corporation tax of the profits of an investment company for an accounting period ending after 5th April 1989,

(b) relevant emoluments would (apart from that subsection) be deducted in making the calculation, and

(c) the emoluments are not paid before the end of the period of nine months beginning with the end of the relevant period of account.

(2) The emoluments—

(a) shall not be deducted in making the calculation mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above, but

(b) shall be deducted in calculating for the purposes of corporation tax the profits of the company concerned for the accounting period in which the emoluments are paid.

(3) Subsections (4) and (5) below apply where—

(a) a calculation such as is mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above is made,

(b) the calculation is made before the end of the period of nine months beginning with the end of the relevant period of account,

(c) relevant emoluments would (apart from subsection (2) above) be deducted in making the calculation, and

(d) the emoluments have not been paid when the calculation is made.

(4) It shall be assumed for the purpose of making the calculation that the emoluments will not be paid before the end of that period of nine months.

(5) But the calculation shall be adjusted if—

(a) the emoluments are paid after the calculation is made but before the end of that period of nine months,

(b) a claim to adjust the calculation is made to the inspector by or on behalf of the company concerned, and

(c) the claim is made before the end of the period of two years beginning with the end of the period of account concerned.

(6) In a case where the accounting period mentioned in subsection (1)(a) above begins before 6th April 1989 and ends before 6th April 1990, the references in subsections (1)(c), (3)(b), (4) and (5)(a) above to nine months shall be construed as references to eighteen months.

(7) In this section “investment company” has the same meaning as in Part IV of the Taxes Act 1988.

(8) For the purposes of this section “relevant emoluments” are emoluments for a period after 5th April 1989 allocated either—

(a) in respect of particular offices or employments (or both), or

(b) generally in respect of offices or employments (or both).

(9) This section applies in relation to potential emoluments as it applies in relation to relevant emoluments, and for this purpose—

(a) potential emoluments are amounts or benefits reserved in the accounts of an employer, or held by an intermediary, with a view to their becoming relevant emoluments;

(b) potential emoluments are paid when they become relevant emoluments which are paid.

(10) For the purpose of this section the relevant period of account is the period of account which—

(a) includes the accounting period concerned, or

(b) begins when the accounting period concerned begins and ends when the accounting period concerned ends.

(11) In deciding for the purposes of this section whether emoluments are paid at any time after 5th April 1989, section 202B of the Taxes Act 1988 (time when emoluments are treated as received) shall apply as it applies for the purposes of section 202A(1)(a) of that Act, but reading “paid” for “received” throughout.

(12) Where the profits of a company carrying on life assurance business are not charged under Case I of Schedule D, this section shall apply in calculating the profits as it applies in calculating the profits of an investment company; but the effect of section 86 below shall be ignored in construing subsection (1)(b) above.

(13) In a case where, apart from this subsection and by virtue of subsection (2)(b) above as it applies by virtue of subsection (12) above, emoluments fall to be deducted in calculating profits for a particular accounting period—

(a) subsection (2)(b) above shall have effect subject to section 86 below;

(b) in construing section 86 the emoluments shall be treated as expenses for that accounting period.

45 PAYE: meaning of payment

(1) The Taxes Act 1988 shall be amended as follows.

(2) The following section shall be inserted after section 203—

“203A PAYE: meaning of payment

(1) For the purposes of section 203 and regulations under it a payment of, or on account of, any income assessable to income tax under Schedule E shall be treated as made at the time found in accordance with the following rules (taking the earlier or earliest time in a case where more than one rule applies)—

(a) the time when the payment is actually made;

(b) the time when a person becomes entitled to the payment;

(c) in a case where the income is income from an office or employment with a company, the holder of the office or employment is a director of the company and sums on account of the income are credited in the company’s accounts or records, the time when sums on account of the income are so credited;

(d) in a case where the income is income from an office or employment with a company, the holder of the office or employment is a director of the company and the amount of the income for a period is determined before the period ends, the time when the period ends;

(e) in a case where the income is income from an office or employment with a company, the holder of the office or employment is a director of the company and the amount of the income for a period is not known until the amount is determined after the period has ended, the time when the amount is determined.

(2) Subsection (1)(c), (d) or (e) above applies whether or not the office or employment concerned is that of director.

(3) Paragraph (c), (d) or (e) of subsection (1) above applies if the holder of the office or employment is a director of the company at any time in the year of assessment in which the time mentioned in the paragraph concerned falls.

(4) For the purposes of the rule in subsection (1)(c) above, any fetter on the right to draw the sums is to be disregarded.

(5) Subsections (5) and (6) of section 202B shall apply for the purposes of subsection (1) above as they apply for the purposes of section 202B(1).”

(3) Section 203(4) (regulations may define payment) shall cease to have effect.

(4) Subsection (2) above shall have effect to determine whether anything occurring on or after the day on which this Act is passed constitutes a payment for the purposes mentioned in the new section 203A.

(5) But if an event occurring before the day on which this Act is passed constituted a payment of or on account of income for the purposes mentioned in the new section 203A, nothing occurring on or after that day shall constitute a payment of or on account of the same income for those purposes.

Interest

46 Relief for interest

For the year 1989-90 the qualifying maximum defined in section 367(5) of the Taxes Act 1988 (limit on relief for interest on certain loans) shall be £30,000.

47 Close company loans: business expansion scheme

In section 360 of the Taxes Act 1988 (loans to buy interest in close company), after subsection (3) there shall be inserted—

“(3A) Interest shall not be eligible for relief under section 353 by virtue of paragraph (a) of subsection (1) above in respect of shares acquired on or after 14th March 1989 if at any time the person by whom they are acquired, or that person’s husband or wife, makes a claim for relief in respect of them under Chapter III of Part VII.”

48 Close company loans: material interest

(1) In section 360 of the Taxes Act 1988 for subsection (4) there shall be substituted—

“(4) Subject to section 360A, in this section expressions to which a meaning is assigned by Part XI have that meaning.”

(2) The following section shall be inserted after that section—

“360A Meaning of “material interest” in section 360

(1) For the purposes of section 360(2)(a) an individual shall be treated as having a material interest in a company—

(a) if he, either on his own or with one or more of his associates, or if any associate of his with or without other such associates, is the beneficial owner of, or able (directly or through the medium of other companies or by any other indirect means) to control, more than 5 per cent. of the ordinary share capital of the company, or

(b) if, on an amount equal to the whole distributable income of the company falling to be apportioned under Part XI for the purpose of computing total income, more than 5 per cent. of that amount could be apportioned to him together with his associates (if any), or to any associate of his, or any such associates taken together.

(2) Subject to the following provisions of this section, in subsection (1) above “associate”, in relation to an individual, means—

(a) any relative or partner of the individual;

(b) the trustee or trustees of a settlement in relation to which the individual is, or any relative of his (living or dead) is or was, a settlor (“settlement” and “settlor” having the same meaning as in section 681(4)); and

(c) where the individual is interested in any shares or obligations of the company which are subject to any trust, or are part of the estate of a deceased person, the trustee or trustees of the settlement concerned or, as the case may be, the personal representative of the deceased.

(3) In relation to any loan made after 5th April 1987, there shall be disregarded for the purposes of subsection (2)(c) above—

(a) the interest of the trustees of an approved profit sharing scheme (within the meaning of section 187) in any shares which are held by them in accordance with the scheme and have not yet been appropriated to an individual; and

(b) any rights exercisable by those trustees by virtue of that interest.

(4) In relation to any loan made on or after the day on which the Finance Act 1989 was passed, where the individual has an interest in shares or obligations of the company as a beneficiary of an employee benefit trust, the trustees shall not be regarded as associates of his by reason only of that interest unless subsection (6) below applies in relation to him.

(5) In subsection (4) above “employee benefit trust” has the same meaning as in paragraph 7 of Schedule 8, except that in its application for this purpose paragraph 7(5)(b) shall have effect as if it referred to the day on which the Finance Act 1989 was passed instead of to 14th March 1989.

(6) This subsection applies in relation to an individual if at any time on or after the day on which the Finance Act 1989 was passed—

(a) the individual, either on his own or with any one or more of his associates, or

(b) any associate of his, with or without other such associates,

has been the beneficial owner of, or able (directly or through the medium of other companies or by any other indirect means) to control, more than 5 per cent. of the ordinary share capital of the company.

(7) Sub-paragraphs (9) to (12) of paragraph 7 of Schedule 8 shall apply for the purposes of subsection (6) above in relation to an individual as they apply for the purposes of that paragraph in relation to an employee.

(8) In relation to any loan made before 14th November 1986, where the individual is interested in any shares or obligations of the company which are subject to any trust, or are part of the estate of a deceased person, subsection (2)(c) above shall have effect as if for the reference to the trustee or trustees of the settlement concerned or, as the case may be, the personal representative of the deceased there were substituted a reference to any person (other than the individual) interested in the settlemet or estate, but subject to subsection (9) below.

(9) Subsection (8) above shall not apply so as to make an individual an associate as being entitled or eligible to benefit under a trust—

(a) if the trust relates exclusively to an exempt approved scheme as defined in section 592; or

(b) if the trust is exclusively for the benefit of the employees, or the employees and directors, of the company or their dependants (and not wholly or mainly for the benefit of directors or their relatives), and the individual in question is not (and could not as a result of the operation of the trust become), either on his own or with his relatives, the beneficial owner of more than 5 per cent. of the ordinary share capital of the company;

and in applying paragraph (b) above any charitable trusts which may arise on the failure or determination of other trusts shall be disregarded.

(10) In this section “relative” means husband or wife, parent or remoter forebear, child or remoter issue or brother or sister.”

Benefits in kind

49 Car benefits

(1) In Schedule 6 to the Taxes Act 1988 (taxation of directors and others in respect of cars) for Part I (tables of flat rate cash equivalents) there shall be substituted—

Part I Tables of Flat Rate Cash Equivalents

(2) This section shall have effect for the year 1989-90 and subsequent years of assessment.

50 Security assets and services

(1) For the purposes of this section a security asset is an asset which improves personal security, and a security service is a service which improves personal security.

(2) In a case where—

(a) a security asset or security service is provided for an employee by reason of his employment, or is used by an employee, and

(b) the cost is wholly or partly borne by or on behalf of a person (the provider) other than the employee,

in charging tax under Schedule E on the emoluments from the employment a deduction shall be allowed of an amount equal to so much of the cost so borne as falls to be included in the emoluments of the employment.

(3) In a case where—

(a) a security asset or security service is provided for or used by an employee,

(b) expenses in connection with the provision or use are incurred out of the emoluments of the employment, and

(c) the expenses are reimbursed by or on behalf of a person (the provider) other than the employee,

in charging tax under Schedule E on the emoluments from the employment a deduction shall be allowed of an amount equal to the amount of the expenses.

(4) Subsection (2) or (3) above shall not apply unless the asset or service is provided for or used by the employee to meet a threat which—

(a) is a special threat to his personal physical security, and

(b) arises wholly or mainly by virtue of the particular employment concerned.

(5) Subsection (2) or (3) above shall not apply unless the provider has the meeting of that threat as his sole object in wholly or partly bearing the cost or reimbursing the expenses (as the case may be).

(6) Subsection (2) or (3) above shall not apply in the case of a service unless the benefit resulting to the employee consists wholly or mainly of an improvement of his personal physical security.

(7) Subsection (2) or (3) above shall not apply in the case of an asset unless the provider intends the asset to be used solely to improve personal physical security.

51 Assets used partly for security

(1) In a case where—

(a) apart from section 50(7) above, section 50(2) above would apply in the case of an asset, and

(b) the provider intends the asset to be used partly to improve personal physical security,

section 50(2) shall nevertheless apply, but only so as to allow a deduction of the appropriate proportion of the amount there mentioned.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1) above the appropriate proportion of the amount mentioned in section 50(2) above is such proportion of that amount as is attributable to the provider’s intention that the asset be used to improve personal physical security.

(3) In a case where—

(a) apart from section 50(7) above, section 50(3) above would apply in the case of an asset, and

(b) the provider intends the asset to be used partly to improve personal physical security,

section 50(3) shall nevertheless apply, but only so as to allow a deduction of the appropriate proportion of the amount there mentioned.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3) above the appropriate proportion of the amount mentioned in section 50(3) above is such proportion of that amount as is attributable to the provider’s intention that the asset be used to improve personal physical security.

52 Security: supplementary

(1) If the provider intends the asset to be used solely to improve personal physical security, but there is another use for the asset which is incidental to improving personal physical security, that other use shall be ignored in construing section 50(7) above.

(2) The fact that an asset or service improves the personal physical security of any member of the employee’s family or household, as well as that of the employee, shall not prevent section 50(2) or (3) above from applying.

(3) In sections 50 and 51 above and this section—

(a) references to an asset do not include references to a car, a ship or an aircraft,

(b) references to an asset or service do not include references to a dwelling, grounds appurtenant to a dwelling, or living accommodation,

(c) references to an asset include references to equipment and a structure (such as a wall),

(d) references to an employee are to a person who holds an employment, and

(e) references to an employment include references to an office.

(4) For the purposes of sections 50 and 51 above and this section in their application to an asset, it is immaterial whether or not the asset becomes affixed to land (whether constituting a dwelling or otherwise).

(5) For the purposes of sections 50 and 51 above and this section in their application to an asset, it is immaterial whether or not the employee is or becomes entitled to the property in the asset or (in the case of a fixture) an estate or interest in the land concerned.

(6) Sections 50 and 51 above and this section apply where expenditure is incurred on or after 6th April 1989 in or towards bearing a cost or in reimbursing expenses (as the case may be).

53 Employees earning £8,500 or more and directors

(1) For section 167 of the Taxes Act 1988 (which defines “director’s or higher-paid employment” for the purposes of Chapter II of Part V) there shall be substituted—

“167 Employment to which this Chapter applies

(1) This Chapter applies—

(a) to employment as a director of a company (but subject to subsection (5) below), and

(b) to employment with emoluments at the rate of £8,500 a year or more.

(2) For this purpose emoluments are to be calculated—

(a) on the basis that they include all such amounts as come, or would but for section 157(3) come, into charge under this Chapter or section 141, 142, 143 or 145, and

(b) without any deduction under section 198, 201 or 332(3).

(3) Where a person is employed in two or more employments by the same employer and either—

(a) the total of the emoluments of those employments (applying this section) is at the rate of £8,500 a year or more, or

(b) this Chapter applies (apart from this subsection) to one or more of those employments,

this Chapter shall apply to all the employments.

(4) All employees of a partnership or body over which an individual or another partnership or body has control are to be treated for the purposes of this section (but not for any other purpose) as if the employment were an employment by the individual or by that other partnership or body as the case may be.

(5) This Chapter shall not apply to a person’s employment by reason only of its being employment as a director of a company (without prejudice to its application by virtue of subsection (1)(b) or (3) above) if he has no material interest in the company and either—

(a) his employment is as a full-time working director; or

(b) the company is non-profit making (meaning that neither does it carry on a trade nor do its functions consist wholly or mainly in the holding of investments or other property) or is established for charitable purposes only.”

(2) In consequence of subsection (1) above—

(a) for the heading to Chapter II of Part V of the Taxes Act 1988 there shall be substituted “EMPLOYEES EARNING £8,500 OR MORE AND DIRECTORS”;

(b) the words “employment to which this Chapter applies” shall be substituted for the words “director’s or higher-paid employment” in sections 153(1), 154(1), 157(1), 158(1), 160(1) and (2), 162(1), 163(1) and 165(6)(b) of that Act;

(c) for section 160(3) of that Act there shall be substituted—

“(3) Where—

(a) there was outstanding, at any time when a person was in employment to which this Chapter applies, the whole or part of a loan to him (or a relative of his) the benefit of which was obtained by reason of his employment, and

(b) that employment has terminated or ceased to be employment to which this Chapter applies,

subsection (2) above applies as if the employment had not terminated or, as the case may be, had not ceased to be employment to which this Chapter applies.”;

(d) in section 162(5) of that Act, after the words “section 160(2)” there shall be inserted the words “(and where appropriate section 160(3))”;

(e) for section 162(7) of that Act there shall be substituted—

“(7) If at the time of the event giving rise to a charge by virtue of subsection (6) above the employment in question has terminated, that subsection shall apply as if it had not.”

(f) the words “employment to which Chapter II of Part V applies” shall be substituted for the words from “director's” to “section 167)” in sections 332(2)(c) and 418(3)(a) of that Act;

(g) the words “employment to which Chapter II of Part V of the principal Act applies” shall be substituted for the words “director’s or higher paid employment” in section 15(3)(a) of the [1970 c. 9.] Taxes Management Act 1970.

Medical insurance

54 Relief

(1) This section applies where—

(a) on or after 6th April 1990 an individual makes a payment in respect of a premium under a contract of private medical insurance (whenever issued),

(b) the contract meets the requirement in subsection (2) below as to the person or persons insured,

(c) at the time the payment is made the contract is an eligible contract,

(d) the individual making the payment does not make it out of resources provided by another person for the purpose of enabling it to be made, and

(e) the individual making the payment is not entitled to claim any relief or deduction in respect of it under any other provision of the Tax Acts.

(2) The requirement mentioned in subsection (1)(b) above is that the contract insures—

(a) an individual who at the time the payment is made is aged 60 or over and resident in the United Kingdom,

(b) individuals each of whom at that time is aged 60 or over and resident in the United Kingdom, or

(c) two individuals who are married to each other at that time, at least one of whom is aged 60 or over at that time, and each of whom is resident in the United Kingdom at that time.

(3) If the payment is made by an individual who at the time it is made is resident in the United Kingdom (whether or not he is the individual or one of the individuals insured by the contract) it shall be deducted from or set off against his income for the year of assessment in which it is made; but relief under this subsection shall be given only on a claim made for the purpose, except where subsections (4) to (6) below apply.

(4) In such cases and subject to such conditions as the Board may specify in regulations, relief under subsection (3) above shall be given in accordance with subsections (5) and (6) below.

(5) An individual who is entitled to such relief in respect of a payment may deduct and retain out of it an amount equal to income tax on it at the basic rate for the year of assessment in which it is made.

(6) The person to whom the payment is made—

(a) shall accept the amount paid after deduction in discharge of the individual’s liability to the same extent as if the deduction had not been made, and

(b) may, on making a claim, recover from the Board an amount equal to the amount deducted.

(7) The Treasury may make regulations providing that in circumstances prescribed in the regulations—

(a) an individual who has made a payment in respect of a premium under a contract of private medical insurance shall cease to be and be treated as not having been entitled to relief under subsection (3) above; and

(b) he or the person to whom the payment was made (depending on the terms of the regulations) shall account to the Board for tax from which relief has been given on the basis that the individual was so entitled.

(8) Regulations under subsection (7) above may include provision adapting or modifying the effect of any enactment relating to income tax in order to secure the performance of any obligation imposed under paragraph (b) of that subsection.

(9) In this section—

(a) references to a premium, in relation to a contract of insurance, are to any amount payable under the contract to the insurer, and

(b) references to an individual who is resident in the United Kingdom at any time include references to an individual who is at that time performing duties which are treated by virtue of section 132(4)(a) of the Taxes Act 1988 as performed in the United Kingdom.

55 Eligible contracts

(1) This section has effect to determine whether a contract is at a particular time (the relevant time) an eligible contract for the purposes of section 54 above.

(2) A contract is an eligible contract at the relevant time if—

(a) it was entered into by an insurer who at the time it was entered into was a qualifying insurer and was approved by the Board for the purposes of this section,

(b) the period of insurance under the contract does not exceed one year (commencing with the date it was entered into),

(c) the contract is not connected with any other contract at the relevant time and has not been connected with any other contract at any time since it was entered into,

(d) no benefit has been provided by virtue of the contract other than an approved benefit, and

(e) the contract meets one or more of the three conditions set out below.

(3) The first condition is that the contract is certified by the Board under section 56 below at the relevant time.

(4) The second condition is that, at the time the contract was entered into, it conformed with a standard form certified by the Board as a standard form of eligible contract.

(5) The third condition is that, at the time the contract was entered into, it conformed with a form varying from a standard form so certified in no other respect than by making additions—

(a) which were (at the time the contract was entered into) certified by the Board as compatible with an eligible contract when made to that standard form, and

(b) which (at that time) satisfied any conditions subject to which the additions were so certified.

(6) Where a contract is varied, and the relevant time falls after the time the variation takes effect, subsections (1) to (5) above shall have effect as if “entered into” read “varied” in each place where it occurs in subsections (4) and (5) above.

(7) For the purposes of this section a contract is connected with another contract at any time if—

(a) they are simultaneously in force at that time,

(b) either of them was entered into with reference to the other, or with a view to enabling the other to be entered into on particular terms, or with a view to facilitating the other being entered into on particular terms, and

(c) the terms on which either of them was entered into would have been significantly less favourable to the insured if the other had not been entered into.

(8) For the purposes of this section each of the following is a qualifying insurer—

(a) an insurer lawfully carrying on in the United Kingdom business of any of the classes specified in Part I of Schedule 2 to the [1982 c. 50.] Insurance Companies Act 1982;

(b) an insurer not carrying on business in the United Kingdom but carrying on business in another member State and being either a national of a member State or a company or partnership formed under the law of any part of the United Kingdom or another member State and having its registered office, central administration or principal place of business in a member State.

(9) For the purposes of this section a benefit is an approved benefit if it is provided in pursuance of a right of a description mentioned in section 56(3)(a) below.

56 Certification of contracts

(1) The Board shall certify a contract under this section if it satisfies the conditions set out in subsection (3) below; and the certification shall be expressed to take effect from the time the conditions are satisfied, and shall take effect accordingly.

(2) The Board shall revoke a certification of a contract under this section if it comes to their notice that the contract has ceased to satisfy the conditions set out in subsection (3) below; and the revocation shall be expressed to take effect from the time the conditions ceased to be satisfied, and shall take effect accordingly.

(3) The conditions referred to above are that—

(a) the contract either provides indemnity in respect of all or any of the costs of all or any of the treatments, medical services and other matters for the time being specified in regulations made by the Treasury, or in addition to providing indemnity of that description provides cash benefits falling within rules for the time being so specified,

(b) the contract does not confer any right other than such a right as is mentioned in paragraph (a) above or is for the time being specified in regulations made by the Treasury,

(c) the premium under the contract is in the Board’s opinion reasonable, and

(d) the contract satisfies such other requirements as are for the time being specified in regulations made by the Treasury.

(4) The certification of a contract by the Board under this section shall cease to have effect if the contract is varied; but this is without prejudice to the application of the preceding provisions of this section to the contract as varied.

(5) Where the Board refuse to certify a contract under this section, or they revoke a certification, an appeal may be made to the Special Commissioners by—

(a) the insurer, or

(b) any person who (if the policy were certified) would be entitled to relief under section 54 above.

(6) Where a contract is certified under this section, or a certification is revoked or otherwise ceases to have effect, any adjustments resulting from the certification or from its revocation or ceasing to have effect shall be made.

(7) Subsection (6) above applies where a certification or revocation takes place on appeal as it applies in the case of any other certification or revocation.

(8) In this section the reference to a premium, in relation to a contract of insurance, is to any amount payable under the contract to the insurer.

57 Medical insurance: supplementary

(1) The Board may by regulations—

(a) provide that a claim under section 54(3) or (6)(b) above shall be made in such form and manner, shall be made at such time, and shall be accompanied by such documents, as may be prescribed;

(b) make provision, in relation to payments in respect of which a person is entitled to relief under section 54 above, for the giving by insurers in such circumstances as may be prescribed of certificates of payment in such form as may be prescribed to such persons as may be prescribed;

(c) provide that a person who provides (or has at any time provided) insurance under contracts of private medical insurance shall comply with any notice which is served on him by the Board and which requires him within a prescribed period to make available for the Board’s inspection documents (of a prescribed kind) relating to such contracts;

(d) provide that persons of such a description as may be prescribed shall, within a prescribed period of being required to do so by the Board, furnish to the Board information (of a prescribed kind) about contracts of private medical insurance;

(e) make provision with respect to the approval of insurers for the purposes of section 55 above and the withdrawal of approval for the purposes of that section;

(f) make provision for and with respect to appeals against decisions of the Board with respect to the giving or withdrawal of approval of insurers for the purposes of section 55 above;

(g) make provision with respect to the certification by the Board of standard forms of eligible contract and variations from standard forms of eligible contract certified by them;

(h) make provision for and with respect to appeals against decisions of the Board with respect to the certification of standard forms of eligible contract or variations from standard forms of eligible contract certified by them;

(i) provide that certification, or the revocation of a certification, under section 56 above shall be carried out in such form and manner as may be prescribed;

(j) make provision with respect to appeals against decisions of the Board with respect to certification or the revocation of certification under section 56 above;

(k) make provision generally as to administration in connection with sections 54 to 56 above.

(2) The words “Regulations under section 57 of the Finance Act 1989” shall be added at the end of each column in the Table in section 98 of the [1970 c. 9.] Taxes Management Act 1970 (penalties for failure to furnish information etc.).

(3) The following provisions of the Taxes Management Act 1970, namely—

(a) section 29(3)(c) (excessive relief),

(b) section 30 (tax repaid in error etc.),

(c) section 88 (interest), and

(d) section 95 (incorrect return or accounts),

shall apply in relation to the payment of an amount claimed under section 54(6)(b) above to which the claimant was not entitled as if it had been income tax repaid as a relief which was not due.

(4) In sections 257B(2), 257D(8) and 265(3) of the Taxes Act 1988 after paragraph (c) there shall be inserted “or

(d) on account of any payments to which section 54(5) of the Finance Act 1989 applies”.

(5) In subsection (1) above—

• “eligible contract” has the meaning given by section 55 above, and

• “prescribed” means prescribed by or, in relation to form, under the regulations.

Charities

58 Payroll deduction scheme

(1) In section 202(7) of the Taxes Act 1988 (which limits to £240 the deductions attracting relief) for “£240” there shall be substituted “£480”.

(2) This section shall have effect for the year 1989-90 and subsequent years of assessment.

59 Covenanted subscriptions

(1) In determining whether a payment made to a charity within subsection (2) below is —

(a) an annual payment for the purposes of the Tax Acts, or

(b) a payment to which section 125(1) of the Taxes Act 1988 applies, or

(c) a covenanted payment to charity within the meaning given by section 660(3) of that Act,

there shall be disregarded any consideration for the payment which is of a kind described in subsection (3) below.

(2) A charity is within this subsection if its sole or main purpose is—

(a) the preservation of property for the public benefit, or

(b) the conservation of wildlife for the public benefit.

(3) The consideration referred to in subsection (1) above is the right of admission—

(a) to view property the preservation of which is the sole or main purpose of the charity, or

(b) to observe wildlife the conservation of which is the sole or main purpose of the charity.

(4) In subsection (3) above “right of admission” refers to admission of the person making the payment (or of any member of his family who may be admitted because of the payment) either free of the charges normally payable for admission by members of the public, or on payment of a reduced charge.

(5) Subsection (1) above shall not apply unless the opportunity to make payments of the kind in question is available to members of the public.

(6) For the purposes of this section—

(a) “charity” means a body of persons or trust established for charitable purposes only, and

(b) the bodies mentioned in section 507 shall each be treated as having been so established.

(7) This section shall apply to payments due on or after 14th March 1989.

60 British Museum and Natural History Museum

(1) In subsection (1) of section 507 of the Taxes Act 1988 (which gives tax exemption to the National Heritage Memorial Fund and the Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission) after paragraph (b) there shall be inserted—

“(c) the Trustees of the British Museum;

(d) the Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History);”

and subsection (2) of that section (which gives partial tax exemption to those Trustees) shall cease to have effect.

(2) In section 339(9) of that Act, for the words from “the Trustees” (where those words first occur) to “History) and” there shall be substituted the words “each of the bodies mentioned in section 507, and in subsections (1) to (5) above includes”.

(3) In section 660(4) of that Act, for the words from “the Trustees” to “England” there shall be substituted the words “the bodies mentioned in section 507”.

(4) Subsection (1) above shall apply in relation to accounting periods ending on or after 14th March 1989, and subsections (2) and (3) above shall apply to payments due on or after that day.

Profit-related pay, share schemes etc.

61 Profit-related pay

Schedule 4 to this Act (which amends the provisions of the Taxes Act 1988 relating to profit-related pay) shall have effect.

62 Savings-related share option schemes

(1) Part III of Schedule 9 to the Taxes Act 1988 (requirements applicable to savings-related share option schemes) shall be amended as follows.

(2) In paragraph 24(2)(a) (scheme not to permit monthly amount of contributions linked to schemes to exceed £100), for “£100” there shall be substituted “£150”.

(3) In paragraph 25(b) (requirement that price at which share may be acquired under scheme be not less than 90 per cent. of market value), for the words “90 per cent.” there shall be substituted the words “80 per cent.”.

(4) Subsection (2) above shall come into force on such day as the Treasury may by order made by statutory instrument appoint.

63 Profit sharing schemes

(1) In section 187(2) of the Taxes Act 1988, in the definition of “relevant amount” (limit on the value of shares that may be appropriated to a participant in a year of assessment), for the words “not less than £l,250 and not more than £5,000” there shall be substituted the words “not less than £2,000 and not more than £6,000”.

(2) This section shall apply for the year 1989-90 and subsequent years of assessment.

64 Share option and profit sharing schemes: shares of consortium member

In paragraph 10 of Schedule 9 to the Taxes Act 1988, paragraph (c)(ii) (which requires a consortium member to hold not less than three-twentieths of share capital of grantor company etc. if member’s shares are to qualify as scheme shares) shall cease to have effect.

65 Employee share schemes: material interest

In Schedule 9 to the Taxes Act 1988 the following paragraph shall be inserted after paragraph 39—

“Shares subject to an employee benefit trust

40 (1) Where an individual has an interest in shares or obligations of the company as a beneficiary of an employee benefit trust, the trustees shall not be regarded as associates of his by reason only of that interest unless sub-paragraph (3) below applies in relation to him.

(2) In this paragraph “employee benefit trust” has the same meaning as in paragraph 7 of Schedule 8.

(3) This sub-paragraph applies in relation to an individual if at any time on or after 14th March 1989—

(a) the individual, either on his own or with any one or more of his associates, or

(b) any associate of his, with or without other such associates,

has been the beneficial owner of, or able (directly or through the medium of other companies or by any other indirect means) to control, more than 25 per cent., or in the case of a share option scheme which is not a savings-related share option scheme more than 10 per cent., of the ordinary share capital of the company.

(4) Sub-paragraphs (9) to (12) of paragraph 7 of Schedule 8 shall apply for the purposes of this paragraph in relation to an individual as they apply for the purposes of that paragraph in relation to an employee.”

66 Priority share allocations for employees etc

(1) In relation to offers made on or after 11th October 1988, section 68 of the [1988 c. 39.] Finance Act 1988 (which provides for the benefits derived from priority rights in share offers to be disregarded in certain circumstances) shall have effect with the following amendments.

(2) In subsection (1), the words from “at the fixed price” to “tendered” shall be omitted.

(3) After that subsection there shall be inserted—

“(1A) Where the price payable by the director or employee is less than the fixed price or the lowest price successfully tendered, subsection (1) above shall not apply to the benefit represented by the difference in price.”

(4) In subsection (2), for paragraph (a) (priority shares not to exceed 10 per cent. of shares subject to the offer) there shall be substituted—

“(a) that the aggregate number of shares subject to the offer that may be allocated as mentioned in subsection (1)(b) above does not exceed the limit specified in subsection (2A) below or, as the case may be, either of the limits specified in subsection (2B) below”.

(5) After subsection (2) there shall be inserted—

“(2A) Except where subsection (2B) below applies, the limit relevant for the purposes of subsection (2)(a) above is 10 per cent. of the shares subject to the offer (including the shares that may be allocated as mentioned in subsection (1)(b) above).

(2B) Where the offer is part of arrangements which include one or more other offers to the public of shares of the same class, the limits relevant for the purposes of subsection (2)(a) above are—

(a) 40 per cent. of the shares subject to the offer (including the shares that may be allocated as mentioned in subsection (1)(b) above), and

(b) 10 per cent. of all the shares of the class in question (including the shares that may be so allocated) that are subject to any of the offers forming part of the arrangements.”

Employee share ownership trusts

67 Tax relief

(1) This section applies where—

(a) a company expends a sum in making a payment by way of contribution to the trustees of a trust which is a qualifying employee share ownership trust at the time the sum is expended,

(b) at that time, the company or a company which it then controls has employees who are eligible to benefit under the terms of the trust deed,

(c) at that time the company is resident in the United Kingdom,

(d) before the expiry of the expenditure period the sum is expended by the trustees for one or more of the qualifying purposes, and

(e) before the end of the claim period a claim for relief under this section is made.

(2) In such a case the sum—

(a) shall be deducted in computing for the purposes of Schedule D the profits or gains of a trade carried on by the company, or

(b) if the company is an investment company or a company in the case of which section 75 of the Taxes Act 1988 applies by virtue of section 76 of that Act, shall be treated as expenses of management.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (1)(b) above, the question whether one company is controlled by another shall be construed in accordance with section 840 of the Taxes Act 1988.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (1)(d) above each of the following is a qualifying purpose—

(a) the acquisition of shares in the company which established the trust;

(b) the repayment of sums borrowed;

(c) the payment of interest on sums borrowed;

(d) the payment of any sum to a person who is a beneficiary under the terms of the trust deed;

(e) the meeting of expenses.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (1)(d) above the expenditure period is the period of nine months beginning with the day following the end of the period of account in which the sum is charged as an expense of the company, or such longer period as the Board may allow by notice given to the company.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (1)(e) above the claim period is the period of two years beginning with the day following the end of the period of account in which the sum is charged as an expense of the company.

(7) For the purposes of this section the trustees of an employee share ownership trust shall be taken to expend sums paid to them in the order in which the sums are received by them (irrespective of the number of companies making payments).

68 Principal charges to tax

(1) This section applies where a chargeable event (within the meaning of section 69 below) occurs in relation to the trustees of an employee share ownership trust.

(2) In such a case—

(a) the trustees shall be treated as receiving, when the event occurs, annual profits or gains whose amount is equal to the chargeable amount (within the meaning of section 70 below),

(b) the profits or gains shall be chargeable to tax under Case VI of Schedule D for the year of assessment in which the event occurs, and

(c) the rate at which the tax is chargeable shall be a rate equal to the sum of the basic rate and the additional rate for the year of assessment in which the event occurs.

(3) If the whole or any part of the tax assessed on the trustees is not paid before the expiry of the period of six months beginning with the day on which the assessment becomes final and conclusive, a notice of liability to tax under this subsection may be served on a qualifying company and the tax or the part unpaid (as the case may be) shall be payable by the company on service of the notice.

(4) Where a notice of liability is served under subsection (3) above—

(a) any interest which is due on the tax or the part (as the case may be) and has not been paid by the trustees, and

(b) any interest accruing due on the tax or the part (as the case may be) after the date of service,

shall be payable by the company.

(5) Where a notice of liability is served under subsection (3) above and any amount payable by the company (whether on account of tax or interest) is not paid by the company before the expiry of the period of three months beginning with the date of service, the amount unpaid may be recovered from the trustees (without prejudice to the right to recover it instead from the company).

(6) For the purposes of this section each of the following is a qualifying company—

(a) the company which established the employee share ownership trust;

(b) any company falling within subsection (7) below.

(7) A company falls within this subsection if, before it is sought to serve a notice of liability on it under subsection (3) above—

(a) it has paid a sum to the trustees, and

(b) the sum has been deducted as mentioned in section 67(2)(a) above or treated as mentioned in section 67(2)(b) above.

69 Chargeable events

(1) For the purposes of section 68 above each of the following is a chargeable event in relation to the trustees of an employee share ownership trust—

(a) the transfer of securities by the trustees, if the transfer is not a qualifying transfer;

(b) the transfer of securities by the trustees to persons who are at the time of the transfer beneficiaries under the terms of the trust deed, if the terms on which the transfer is made are not qualifying terms;

(c) the retention of securities by the trustees at the expiry of the period of seven years beginning with the date on which they acquired them;

(d) the expenditure of a sum by the trustees for a purpose other than a qualifying purpose.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1)(a) above a transfer is a qualifying transfer if it is made to a person who at the time of the transfer is a beneficiary under the terms of the trust deed.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (1)(a) above a transfer is also a qualifying transfer if—

(a) it is made to the trustees of a scheme which at the time of the transfer is a profit sharing scheme approved under Schedule 9 to the Taxes Act 1988, and

(b) it is made for a consideration which is not less than the price the securities might reasonably be expected to fetch on a sale in the open market.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (1)(b) above a transfer of securities is made on qualifying terms if—

(a) all the securities transferred at the same time are transferred on similar terms,

(b) securities have been offered to all the persons who are beneficiaries under the terms of the trust deed when the transfer is made, and

(c) securities are transferred to all such beneficiaries who have accepted.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (1)(d) above each of the following is a qualifying purpose—

(a) the acquisition of shares in the company which established the trust;

(b) the repayment of sums borrowed;

(c) the payment of interest on sums borrowed;

(d) the payment of any sum to a person who is a beneficiary under the terms of the trust deed;

(e) the meeting of expenses.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (4) above, the fact that terms vary according to the levels of remuneration of beneficiaries, the length of their service, or similar factors, shall not be regarded as meaning that the terms are not similar.

(7) In ascertaining for the purposes of this section whether particular securities are retained, securities acquired earlier by the trustees shall be treated as transferred by them before securities acquired by them later.

(8) For the purposes of this section trustees—

(a) acquire securities when they become entitled to them (subject to the exceptions in subsection (9) below);

(b) transfer securities to another person when that other becomes entitled to them;

(c) retain securities if they remain entitled to them.

(9) The exceptions are these—

(a) if securities are issued to trustees in exchange in circumstances mentioned in section 85(1) of the [1979 c. 14.] Capital Gains Tax Act 1979, they shall be treated as having acquired them when they became entitled to the securities for which they are exchanged;

(b) if trustees become entitled to securities as a result of a reorganisation, they shall be treated as having acquired them when they became entitled to the original shares which those securities represent (construing “reorganisation” and “original shares” in accordance with section 77 of that Act).

(10) If trustees agree to take a transfer of securities, for the purposes of this section they shall be treated as becoming entitled to them when the agreement is made and not on a later transfer made pursuant to the agreement.

(11) If trustees agree to transfer securities to another person, for the purposes of this section the other person shall be treated as becoming entitled to them when the agreement is made and not on a later transfer made pursuant to the agreement.

(12) For the purposes of this section the following are securities—

(a) shares;

(b) debentures.

70 Chargeable amounts

(1) This section has effect to determine the chargeable amount for the purposes of section 68 above.

(2) If the chargeable event falls within section 69(1)(a), (b) or (c) above the following rules shall apply—

(a) if the event constitutes a disposal of the securities by the trustees for the purposes of the Capital Gains Tax Act 1979, the chargeable amount is an amount equal to the sums allowable under section 32(1)(a) and (b) of that Act;

(b) if the event does not constitute such a disposal, the chargeable amount is an amount equal to the sums which would be so allowable had the trustees made a disposal of the securities for the purposes of that Act at the time the chargeable event occurs.

(3) If the chargeable event falls within section 69(1)(d) above the chargeable amount is an amount equal to the sum concerned.

71 Further charges to tax: borrowing

(1) This section applies where—

(a) a chargeable event (within the meaning of section 69 above) occurs in relation to the trustees of an employee share ownership trust,

(b) at the time the event occurs anything is outstanding in respect of the principal of an amount or amounts borrowed at any time by the trustees, and

(c) the chargeable event is one as regards which section 72(2)(b) below applies.

(2) In the following provisions of this section—

(a) “the initial chargeable event” means the event referred to in subsection (1)(a) above, and

(b) “the total outstanding amount” means the total amount outstanding, at the time the initial chargeable event occurs, in respect of the principal of an amount or amounts borrowed at any time by the trustees.

(3) If any of the total outstanding amount is repaid after the initial chargeable event occurs, a further chargeable event shall occur in relation to the trustees at the end of the year of assessment in which the repayment is made.

(4) In such a case—

(a) the trustees shall be treated as receiving, when the further event occurs, annual profits or gains whose amount is equal to the chargeable amount,

(b) the profits or gains shall be chargeable to tax under Case VI of Schedule D for the year of assessment at the end of which the further event occurs, and

(c) the rate at which the tax is chargeable shall be a rate equal to the sum of the basic rate and the additional rate for the year of assessment at the end of which the further event occurs.

(5) Subject to subsection (6) below, for the purposes of subsection (4) above the chargeable amount is an amount equal to the aggregate of the total outstanding amount repaid in the year of assessment.

(6) In a case where section 72(2)(b) below had effect in the case of the initial chargeable event, for the purposes of subsection (4) above the chargeable amount is an amount equal to the smaller of—

(a) the aggregate of the total outstanding amount repaid in the year of assessment, and

(b) an amount found by applying the formula A-B-C.

(7) For the purposes of subsection (6) above—

(a) A is the amount which would be the chargeable amount for the initial chargeable event apart from section 72(2) below,

(b) B is the chargeable amount for the initial chargeable event, and

(c) C is the amount (if any) found under subsection (8) below.

(8) If, before the further chargeable event occurs, one or more prior chargeable events have occurred in relation to the trustees by virtue of the prior repayment of any of the total outstanding amount found for the time the initial chargeable event occurs, the amount found under this subsection is an amount equal to the chargeable amount for the prior chargeable event or to the aggregate of the chargeable amounts for the prior chargeable events (as the case may be).

(9) In a case where—

(a) a chargeable event (within the meaning of section 69 above) occurs in relation to the trustees in circumstances mentioned in subsection (1) above,

(b) a sum falls to be included in the total outstanding amount found for the time the event occurs,

(c) another chargeable event (within the meaning of that section) occurs in relation to the trustees in circumstances mentioned in subsection (1) above, and

(d) the same sum or a part of it would (apart from this subsection) fall to be included in the total outstanding amount found for the time the event occurs,

the sum or part (as the case may be) shall not be included in the total outstanding amount found for the time the other chargeable event occurs.

(10) In ascertaining for the purposes of this section whether a repayment is in respect of a particular amount, amounts borrowed earlier shall be taken to be repaid before amounts borrowed later.

(11) Subsections (3) to (7) of section 68 above shall apply where tax is assessed by virtue of this section as they apply where tax is assessed by virtue of that section.

72 Limit on chargeable amount

(1) For the purposes of this section each of the following is a chargeable event in relation to the trustees of an employee share ownership trust—

(a) an event which is a chargeable event by virtue of section 69 above;

(b) an event which is a chargeable event by virtue of section 71 above.

(2) If a chargeable event (the event in question) occurs in relation to the trustees of an employee share ownership trust, the following rules shall apply—

(a) the amount which would (apart from this subsection) be the chargeable amount for the event in question shall be aggregated, for the purposes of paragraph (b) below, with the chargeable amounts for other chargeable events (if any) occurring in relation to the trustees before the event in question,

(b) if the amount which would (apart from this subsection) be the chargeable amount for the event in question (or the aggregate found under paragraph (a) above, if there is one) exceeds the deductible amount, the chargeable amount for the event in question shall be the amount it would be apart from this subsection less an amount equal to the excess, and

(c) section 70(2) and (3) and section 71(5) above shall have effect subject to paragraph (b) above.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) above the deductible amount (as regards the event in question) is an amount equal to the total of the sums falling within subsection (4) below.

(4) A sum falls within this subsection if it has been received by the trustees before the occurrence of the event in question and—

(a) it has been deducted as mentioned in section 67(2)(a) above, or treated as mentioned in section 67(2)(b) above, before the occurrence of that event, or

(b) it would fall to be so deducted or treated if a claim for relief under section 67 above had been made immediately before the occurrence of that event.

73 Information

(1) An inspector may by notice in writing require a return to be made by the trustees of an employee share ownership trust if they have at any time received a sum which has been deducted as mentioned in section 67(2)(a) above or treated as mentioned in section 67(2)(b) above.

(2) Where he requires such a return to be made the inspector shall specify the information to be contained in it.

(3) The information which may be specified is information the inspector needs for the purposes of sections 68 to 72 above, and may include information about—

(a) sums received (including sums borrowed) by the trustees;

(b) expenditure incurred by them;

(c) assets acquired by them;

(d) transfers of assets made by them.

(4) The information which may be required under subsection (3)(a) above may include the persons from whom the sums were received.

(5) The information which may be required under subsection (3)(b) above may include the purpose of the expenditure and the persons receiving any sums.

(6) The information which may be specified under subsection (3)(c) above may include the persons from whom the assets were acquired and the consideration furnished by the trustees.

(7) The information which may be included under subsection (3)(d) above may include the persons to whom assets were transferred and the consideration furnished by them.

(8) In a case where a sum has been deducted as mentioned in section 67(2)(a) above, or treated as mentioned in section 67(2)(b) above, the inspector shall send to the trustees to whom the payment was made a certificate stating—

(a) that a sum has been so deducted or so treated, and

(b) what sum has been so deducted or so treated.

(9) In the Table in section 98 of the [1970 c. 9.] Taxes Management Act 1970 (penalties for failure to comply with notices etc.) at the end of the first column there shall be inserted—

• “Section 73 of the Finance Act 1989”.

74 Interpretation

Schedule 5 to this Act shall have effect to determine whether, for the purposes of sections 67 to 73 above, a trust is at a particular time—

(a) an employee share ownership trust;

(b) a qualifying employee share ownership trust.

Pensions etc.

75 Retirement benefits schemes

Schedule 6 to this Act (which relates to retirement benefits schemes) shall have effect.

76 Non-approved retirement benefits schemes

(1) In computing the amount of the profits or gains to be charged under Case I or Case II of Schedule D, no sum shall be deducted in respect of any expenses falling within subsection (2) or (3) below; and no expenses falling within either of those subsections shall be treated for the purposes of section 75 of the Taxes Act 1988 (investment companies) as expenses of management.

(2) Expenses fall within this subsection if—

(a) they are expenses of providing benefits pursuant to a relevant retirement benefits scheme, and

(b) the benefits are not ones in respect of which a person is on receipt chargeable to income tax.

(3) Expenses fall within this subsection if—

(a) they are expenses of paying any sum pursuant to a relevant retirement benefits scheme with a view to the provision of any benefits, and

(b) the sum is not one which when paid is treated as the income of a person by virtue of section 595(1) of the Taxes Act 1988 (sum paid with a view to the provision of any relevant benefits for an employee).

(4) No sum shall be deducted in respect of any expenses falling within subsection (5) or (6) below—

(a) in computing the amount of the profits or gains to be charged under Case I or Case II of Schedule D, or

(b) by virtue of section 75 of the Taxes Act 1988,

unless the sum has actually been expended.

(5) Expenses fall within this subsection if—

(a) they are expenses of providing benefits pursuant to a relevant retirement benefits scheme, and

(b) the benefits are ones in respect of which a person is on receipt chargeable to income tax.

(6) Expenses fall within this subsection if—

(a) they are expenses of paying any sum pursuant to a relevant retirement benefits scheme with a view to the provision of any benefits, and

(b) the sum is one which when paid is treated as the income of a person by virtue of section 595(1) of the Taxes Act 1988.

(7) In this section—

• “retirement benefits scheme” has the same meaning as in Chapter I of Part XIV of the Taxes Act 1988, and

• references to a relevant retirement benefits scheme are references to a retirement benefits scheme which is not of a description mentioned in section 596(1)(a), (b) or (c) of the Taxes Act 1988.

(8) This section has effect in relation to expenses incurred on or after the day on which this Act is passed.

77 Personal pension schemes

Schedule 7 to this Act (which relates to personal pension schemes) shall have effect.

Unit trusts etc.

78 Certified unit trusts

The following sections shall be inserted after section 468 of the Taxes Act 1988—

“468A Certified unit trusts

(1) For the purposes of sections 468B and 468C “certified unit trust” means, as respects an accounting period, a unit trust scheme in the case of which—

(a) an order under section 78 of the [1986 c. 60.] Financial Services Act 1986 is in force during the whole or part of that accounting period, and

(b) a certificate under section 78(8) of that Act, certifying that the scheme complies with the conditions necessary for it to enjoy the rights conferred by the UCITS directive, has been issued before or at any time during that accounting period.

(2) In this section—

• “the UCITS directive” means the directive of the Council of the European Communities, dated 20th December 1985, on the co-ordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (no. 85/611/EEC), and

• “unit trust scheme” has the same meaning as in section 469.

468B Certified unit trusts: corporation tax

(1) This section has effect as regards an accounting period of the trustees of a certified unit trust ending after 31st December 1989.

(2) Subject to subsection (3) below, the rate of corporation tax for a financial year shall be deemed to be the rate at which income tax at the basic rate is charged for the year of assessment which begins on 6th April in the financial year concerned.

(3) Where the period begins before 1st January 1990, subsection (2) above shall only apply for the purpose of computing corporation tax chargeable for so much of the period as falls in the financial year 1990 and subsection (4) below shall apply for the purpose of computing corporation tax chargeable for so much of the period as falls in the financial year 1989.

(4) So much of the period as falls after 31st December 1989 and before 1st April 1990 shall be deemed to fall in a financial year for which the rate of corporation tax is the rate at which income tax at the basic rate is charged for the year 1989-90.

(5) Where the period begins after 31st December 1989, section 338 shall have effect as if any reference to interest of any description were a reference to interest of that description on borrowing of a relevant description.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5) above borrowing is of a relevant description if it is borrowing in respect of which there has been no breach during the accounting period of the duties imposed on the manager of the scheme by regulations under section 81 of the [1986 c. 60.] Financial Services Act 1986 with respect to borrowing by the trustees of the scheme.

(7) The Treasury may by regulations provide that for subsection (6) above (as it has effect for the time being) there shall be substituted a subsection containing a different definition of what constitutes borrowing of a relevant description for the purposes of subsection (5) above.

(8) Regulations under subsection (7) above may contain such supplementary, incidental, consequential or transitional provision as the Treasury think fit.

(9) In this section “certified unit trust” has the meaning given by section 468A.

468C Certified unit trusts: distributions

(1) Subsection (2) below applies where—

(a) as regards a distribution period ending after 31st December 1989 a dividend is treated by virtue of section 468(2) as paid to a unit holder (whether or not income is in fact paid to the unit holder),

(b) the dividend is treated as paid by the trustees of a unit trust scheme which is a certified unit trust as respects the accounting period in which the distribution period falls, and

(c) on the date of payment the unit holder is within the charge to corporation tax and not a dual resident.

(2) For the purpose of computing corporation tax chargeable in the case of the unit holder the payment shall be deemed—

(a) to be an annual payment, and not a dividend or other distribution, and

(b) to have been received by the unit holder after deduction of income tax at the basic rate, for the year of assessment in which the date of payment falls, from a corresponding gross amount.

(3) Subsection (2) above shall not apply where the rights in respect of which the dividend is treated as paid are held by the trustees of a unit trust scheme which on the date of payment is a fund of funds.

(4) Where the unit holder is on the date of payment the manager of the scheme, subsection (2) above shall not apply in so far as the rights in respect of which the dividend is treated as paid are rights held by him in the ordinary course of his business as manager of the scheme.

(5) Subsection (2) above shall not apply to so much of the payment as is attributable to income of the trustees arising before 1st January 1990.

(6) In this section—

• “certified unit trust” has the meaning given by section 468A,

• “distribution period” has the same meaning as in section 468,

• “dual resident” means a person who is resident in the United Kingdom and falls to be regarded for the purposes of any arrangements having effect by virtue of section 788 as resident in a territory outside the United Kingdom,

• “fund of funds” means a unit trust scheme the sole object of which is to enable the unit holders to participate in or receive profits or income arising from the acquisition, holding, management or disposal of units in unit trust schemes, and

• “unit trust scheme” has the same meaning as in section 469.”

79. Funds of funds.

The following section shall be inserted after section 468C of the Taxes Act 1988—

“468D Funds of funds: distributions

(1) Subsection (2) below applies where—

(a) as regards a distribution period ending after 31st December 1989 a dividend is treated by virtue of section 468(2) as paid to a unit holder (whether or not income is in fact paid to the unit holder),

(b) the dividend is treated as paid by the trustees of a unit trust scheme which on the date of payment is a fund of funds, and

(c) on the date of payment the unit holder is within the charge to corporation tax and not a dual resident.

(2) For the purpose of computing corporation tax chargeable in the case of the unit holder the payment shall be deemed—

(a) to be an annual payment, and not a dividend or other distribution, and

(b) to have been received by the unit holder after deduction of income tax at the basic rate, for the year of assessment in which the date of payment falls, from a corresponding gross amount.

(3) Where the unit holder is on the date of payment the manager of the scheme, subsection (2) above shall not apply in so far as the rights in respect of which the dividend is treated as paid are rights held by him in the ordinary course of his business as manager of the scheme.

(4) Subsection (2) above shall not apply to so much of the payment as is attributable to income of the trustees arising before 1st January 1990.

(5) In this section—

• “distribution period” has the same meaning as in section 468,

• “dual resident” and “fund of funds” have the same meanings as in section 468C,

• “unit trust scheme” has the same meaning as in section 469.”

80 Gilt unit trusts

(1) Where, in the case of a certified unit trust and apart from this subsection, section 468(5) of the Taxes Act 1988 would apply as regards a distribution period beginning after 31st December 1989, section 468(5) shall not apply in the case of the trust as regards that period.

(2) Where by virtue of subsection (1) above the last distribution period as regards which section 468(5) applies in the case of a certified unit trust is one beginning on or before, and ending after, 31st December 1989, the trustees' liability to income tax in respect of any source of income chargeable under Case III of Schedule D shall be assessed as if they had ceased to possess the source of income on the last day of that distribution period.

(3) But where section 67 of the Taxes Act 1988 applies by virtue of subsection (2) above, it shall apply with the omission from subsection (1)(b) of the words from “and shall” to “this provision”.

(4) For the purposes of this section “certified unit trust” means, as respects a distribution period, a unit trust scheme in the case of which—

(a) an order under section 78 of the [1986 c. 60.] Financial Services Act 1986 is in force during the whole or part of the accounting period in which the distribution period falls, and

(b) a certificate under section 78(8) of that Act, certifying that the scheme complies with the conditions necessary for it to enjoy the rights conferred by the UCITS directive, has been issued before or at any time during that accounting period.

(5) In this section—

• “distribution period” has the same meaning as in section 468 of the Taxes Act 1988,

• “the UCITS directive” means the directive of the Council of the European Communities, dated 20th December 1985, on the co-ordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (No. 85/611/EEC), and

• “unit trust scheme” has the same meaning as in section 469 of the Taxes Act 1988.

81 Offshore funds operating equalisation arrangements

(1) In section 758 of the Taxes Act 1988 (offshore funds operating equalisation arrangements) in subsection (6) (reference to section 78 of the [1979 c. 14.] Capital Gains Tax Act 1979 not to include reference to it as applied by section 82) for the words “but not” there shall be substituted the words “and a reference to section 78”.

(2) This section shall apply where a conversion of securities occurs on or after 14th March 1989; and “conversion of securities” here has the same meaning as in section 82 of the Capital Gains Tax Act 1979.

Life assurance

82 Calculation of profits

(1) Where the profits of an insurance company in respect of its life assurance business are, for the purposes of the Taxes Act 1988, computed in accordance with the provisions of that Act applicable to Case I of Schedule D, then, in calculating the profits for any period of account,—

(a) there shall be taken into account as an expense (so far as not so taken into account apart from this section) any amounts which, in respect of the period, are allocated to or expended on behalf of policy holders or annuitants; and

(b) if, at the end of the period, the company has an unappropriated surplus on valuation, as shown in its return for the purposes of the [1982 c. 50.] Insurance Companies Act 1982, then, subject to subsection (3) below, the closing liabilities of the period may include such amount, forming part of that surplus, as is required to meet the reasonable expectations of policy holders or annuitants with regard to bonuses or other additions to benefit of a discretionary nature.

(2) For the purposes of this section an amount is allocated to policy holders or annuitants if, and only if,—

(a) bonus payments are made to them; or

(b) reversionary bonuses are declared in their favour or a reduction is made in the premiums payable by them;

and the amount of the allocation is, in a case within paragraph (a) above, the amount of the payments and, in a case within paragraph (b) above, the amount of the liabilities assumed by the company in consequence of the declaration or reduction.

(3) The amount which, apart from this subsection, would be included in the closing liabilities of a period of account by virtue of subsection (1)(b) above shall be reduced or, as the case may be, extinguished by deducting therefrom the total of the amounts which—

(a) for periods of account ending before 14th March 1989 have been excluded, by virtue of section 433 of the Taxes Act 1988, as being reserved for policy holders or annuitants, and

(b) have not before that date either been allocated to or expended on behalf of policy holders or annuitants or been treated as profits of an accounting period on ceasing to be so reserved.

(4) Where the closing liabilities of a period of account include an amount by virtue of subsection (1)(b) above, the like amount shall be included in the opening liabilities of the next following period of account.

(5) This section has effect with respect to periods of account ending on or after 14th March 1989; and the following provisions of this section shall apply for the purposes of the application of this section to any such period which begins before that date (in this section referred to as a “straddling period”).

(6) For the purposes referred to in subsection (5) above, it shall be assumed that the straddling period consists of two separate periods of account,—

(a) the first beginning at the beginning of the straddling period and ending on 13th March 1989 (in this section referred to as “the first notional period”); and

(b) the second beginning on 14th March 1989 and ending at the end of the straddling period (in this section referred to as “the second notional period”);

and any reference in subsection (7) or subsection (8) below to a time apportionment is a reference to an apportionment made by reference to the respective lengths of the two notional periods.

(7) To determine the profits of the first notional period and the amount excluded from the profits of that period by virtue of section 433 of the Taxes Act 1988 as being reserved for policy holders or annuitants,—

(a) in the first instance the profits of the straddling period and the amount so excluded from those profits shall be computed as if subsections (1) to (4) above did not apply with respect to any part of the straddling period; and

(b) there shall then be determined that part of the profits and the amount computed under paragraph (a) above which, on a time apportionment, is properly attributable to the first notional period.

(8) To determine the profits of the second notional period,—

(a) in the first instance the profits of the straddling period shall be computed as if subsections (1) to (4) above applied to the whole of the straddling period; and

(b) there shall then be determined that part of the profits computed under paragraph (a) above which, on a time apportionment, is properly attributable to the second notional period.

83 Receipts to be brought into account

(1) Where the profits of an insurance company in respect of its life assurance business are, for the purposes of the Taxes Act 1988, computed in accordance with the provisions of that Act applicable to Case I of Schedule D, then, so far as referable to that business, the following items, as brought into account for a period of account (and not otherwise), namely,—

(a) the company’s investment income from the assets of its long-term business fund, and

(b) any increase in the value (whether realised or not) of those assets,

shall be taken into account as receipts of the period; and if for any period of account there is a reduction in the value referred to in paragraph (b) above (as brought into account for the period), that reduction shall be taken into account as an expense of that period.

(2) Except in so far as regulations made by the Treasury otherwise provide, in subsection (1) above “brought into account” means brought into account in the revenue account prepared for the purposes of the [1982 c. 50.] Insurance Companies Act 1982.

(3) Subject to subsection (5) below, this section has effect with respect to periods of account ending on or after 1st January 1990; and the following provisions of this section shall apply for the purposes of the application of this section to any such period which begins before that date (in this section referred to as a “straddling period”).

(4) Subject to subsection (5) below, for the purposes referred to in subsection (3) above, it shall be assumed that the straddling period consists of two separate periods of account,—

(a) the first beginning at the beginning of the straddling period and ending on 31st December 1989 (in this section referred to as “the first notional period”); and

(b) the second beginning on 1st January 1990 and ending at the end of the straddling period (in this section referred to as “the second notional period”);

and any reference in subsection (6) or subsection (7) below to a time apportionment is a reference to an apportionment made by reference to the respective lengths of the two notional periods.

(5) In the case of any company which, by notice in writing given to the inspector on or before 31st December 1992, so elects,—

(a) subsections (3) and (4)(b) above shall have effect as if for “1st January 1990” there were substituted “14th March 1989”; and

(b) subsection (4)(a) above shall have effect as if for “31st December” there were substituted “13th March”.

(6) To determine the profits of the first notional period,—

(a) in the first instance the profits of the straddling period shall be computed as if subsections (1) and (2) above did not apply with respect to any part of that period; and

(b) there shall then be determined that part of the profits computed under paragraph (a) above which, on a time apportionment, is properly attributable to the first notional period.

(7) To determine the profits of the second notional period,—

(a) in the first instance the profits of the straddling period shall be computed as if subsections (1) and (2) above applied with respect to the whole of that period; and

(b) there shall then be determined that part of the profits computed under paragraph (a) above which, on a time apportionment, is properly attributable to the second notional period.

84 Interpretation of sections 85 to 89 and further provisions about insurance companies

(1) In sections 85 to 89 below “basic life assurance business” means life assurance business other than general annuity business and pension business.

(2) Any reference in the sections referred to in subsection (1) above or the following provisions of this section to a straddling period is a reference to an accounting period which begins before 1st January 1990 and ends on or after that date.

(3) For the purposes of the sections referred to in subsection (1) above and for the purposes of subsection (5)(b) below it shall be assumed that a straddling period consists of two separate accounting periods—

(a) the first beginning at the beginning of the straddling period and ending on 31st December 1989; and

(b) the second beginning on 1st January 1990 and ending at the end of the straddling period;

and in those sections and subsection (5)(b) below the first of those two notional accounting periods is referred to as “the 1989 component period” and the second is referred to as “the 1990 component period”.

(4) Chapter I of Part XII of the Taxes Act 1988 (insurance companies) shall have effect subject to the amendments in Schedule 8 to this Act, being—

(a) amendments relating to franked investment income, loss relief and group relief; and

(b) amendments consequential on or supplemental to sections 82 and 83 above and sections 85 to 89 below.

(5) Subject to subsection (6) below, in Schedule 8 to this Act,—

(a) paragraphs 2 and 6 shall be deemed to have come into force on 14th March 1989; and

(b) the remainder shall have effect with respect to accounting periods beginning on or after 1st January 1990 (including the 1990 component period).

(6) Nothing in subsection (5) above affects the operation, by virtue of any provision of sections 82 and 83 above and sections 85 to 89 below, of any enactment repealed or amended by Schedule 8 to this Act and, so long as the provisions of that Schedule do not have effect in relation to sections 434 and 435 of the Taxes Act 1988, nothing in subsection (5)(a) above affects the continuing operation of section 433 of that Act for the purpose only of determining the fraction of the profits referred to in subsectio(6) of section 434 and subsection (1)(b) of section 435.

85 Charge of certain receipts of basic life assurance business

(1) Subject to subsection (2) below, where the profits of an insurance company in respect of its life assurance business are not charged under Case I of Schedule D, there shall be chargeable under Case VI of that Schedule any receipts referable to the company’s basic life assurance business—

(a) which, if those profits were charged under Case I of Schedule D, would be taken into account in computing those profits; and

(b) which would not be within the charge to tax (except under Case I of Schedule D) apart from this section;

and for the purposes of paragraph (a) above, the provisions of section 83 above as to the manner in which any item is to be taken into account shall be disregarded.

(2) The receipts referred to in subsection (1) above do not include—

(a) any premium; or

(b) any sum received by virtue of a claim under an insurance contract (including a re-insurance contract); or

(c) any repayment or refund (in whole or in part) of a sum disbursed by the company as acquisition expenses falling within paragraphs (a) to (c) of subsection (1) of section 86 below; or

(d) any sum which is taken into account under section 76(1)(a) of the Taxes Act 1988 as a deduction from the amount treated as expenses of management of the company; or

(e) any sum which is not within the charge to tax (except under Case I of Schedule D) because of an exemption from tax.

(3) This section has effect with respect to the receipts of accounting periods beginning on or after 1st January 1990 (including the 1990 component period).

86 Spreading of relief for acquisition expenses

(1) For the purposes of this section, the acquisition expenses for any period of an insurance company carrying on life assurance business are such of the following expenses of management as are for that period attributable to the company’s basic life assurance business,—

(a) commissions (however described), other than commissions in respect of industrial life assurance business carried on by the company,

(b) any other expenses of management which are disbursed solely for the purpose of the acquisition of business, and

(c) so much of any other expenses of management which are disbursed partly for the purpose of the acquisition of business and partly for other purposes as are properly attributable to the acquisition of business,

less any such repayments or refunds falling within section 76(1)(c) of the Taxes Act 1988 as are received in the period.

(2) The exclusion from paragraph (a) of subsection (1) above of commissions in respect of industrial life assurance business shall not prevent such commissions constituting expenses of management for the purposes of paragraph (b) or paragraph (c) of that subsection.

(3) Nothing in subsections (1) and (2) above applies to commissions (however described) in respect of insurances made before 14th March 1989, but without prejudice to the application of those subsections to any commission attributable to a variation on or after that date in a policy issued in respect of an insurance made before that date; and, for this purpose, the exercise of any rights conferred by a policy shall be regarded as a variation of it.

(4) In subsection (1) above “the acquisition of business” includes the securing on or after 14th March 1989 of the payment of increased or additional premiums in respect of a policy of insurance issued in respect of an insurance already made (whether before, on or after that date).

(5) In relation to any period, the expenses of management attributable to a company’s basic life assurance business are expenses—

(a) which are disbursed for that period (disregarding any treated as so disbursed by section 75(3) of the Taxes Act 1988); and

(b) which, disregarding subsection (6) below, are deductible as expenses of management in accordance with sections 75 and 76 of the Taxes Act 1988.

(6) Notwithstanding anything in sections 75 and 76 of the Taxes Act 1988 but subject to subsection (7) below, only one-seventh of the acquisition expenses for any accounting period (in this section referred to as “the base period”) shall be treated as deductible under those sections for the base period, and in subsections (8) and (9) below any reference to the full amount of the acquisition expenses for the base period is a reference to the amount of those expenses which would be deductible for that period apart from this subsectio

(7) In the case of the acquisition expenses for an accounting period or part of an accounting period falling wholly within 1990, subsection (6) above shall have effect as if for “one-seventh” there were substituted “five-sevenths”; and, in the case of the acquisition expenses for an accounting period or part of an accounting period falling wholly within 1991, 1992 or 1993, the corresponding substitution shall be “four-sevenths”, “three-sevenths” or “two-sevenths” respectively.

(8) Where, by virtue of subsection (6) (and, where appropriate, subsection (7)) above, only a fraction of the full amount of the acquisition expenses for the base period is deductible under sections 75 and 76 of the Taxes Act 1988 for that period, then, subject to subsection (9) below, a further one-seventh of the full amount shall be so deductible for each succeeding accounting period after the base period until the whole of the full amount has become so deductible, except that, for any accounting period of less thaa year, the fraction of one-seventh shall be proportionately reduced.

(9) For any accounting period for which the fraction of the full amount of the acquisition expenses for the base period which would otherwise be deductible in accordance with subsection (8) above exceeds the balance of those expenses which has not become deductible for earlier accounting periods, only that balance shall be deductible.

(10) This section has effect for accounting periods beginning on or after 1st January 1990 (including the 1990 component period).

87 Management expenses

(1) Section 76 of the Taxes Act 1988 shall be amended in accordance with subsections (2) and (3) below.

(2) In subsection (1), after paragraph (b) there shall be inserted “and

(c) there shall be deducted from the amount treated as the expenses of management for any accounting period any repayment or refund (in whole or in part) of a sum disbursed by the company (for that or any earlier period) as acquisition expenses; and

(d) the amount treated as expenses of management shall not include any amount in respect of expenses referable to general annuity business or pension business; and

(e) the amount of profits from which expenses of management may be deducted for any accounting period shall not exceed the net income and gains of that accounting period referable to basic life assurance business;

and for this purpose “net income and gains” means income and gains after deducting any reliefs or exemptions which fall to be applied before taking account of this section.”

(3) For subsection (8) there shall be substituted—

“(8) In this section—

• “acquisition expenses” means expenses falling within paragraphs (a) to (c) of subsection (1) of section 86 of the Finance Act 1989;

• “basic life assurance business” has the meaning assigned by section 84(1) of that Act;

and other expressions have the same meaning as in Chapter I of Part XII.”

(4) In consequence of the amendment made by subsection (2) above, section 436(3)(b) of the Taxes Act 1988 (no deduction of expenses of management in certain cases) shall cease to have effect.

(5) This section has effect with respect to accounting periods beginning on or after 1st January 1990; and, in relation to a straddling period, sections 75, 76 and 436 of the Taxes Act 1988—

(a) shall have effect in relation to the 1989 component period without regard to the amendments made by subsections (2) to (4) above; and

(b) shall have effect in relation to the 1990 component period as amended by those subsections.

(6) If, for the 1989 component period, there is an amount of expenses of management available to be carried forward to the 1990 component period under section 75(3)(a) of the Taxes Act 1988 (as applied by section 76 thereof),—

(a) that amount shall form a pool to which the following provisions of this section shall apply and to which section 75(3)(b) of that Act (in this subsection referred to as “the carry-forward provision”) shall apply only to the extent specified in paragraph (c) below;

(b) if, for the 1990 component period or any subsequent accounting period, the amount which (disregarding the pool) may be deducted in respect of expenses of management is less than the amount of the profits from which, disregarding section 76(1)(e) of that Act (as set out in subsection (2) above), the expenses of management are deductible, paragraph (c) below shall apply for that period; and in that paragraph the difference between the amount which may be so deducted and that amount of profits is referred to as “the potetial deficiency” for the period;

(c) where this paragraph applies for an accounting period (including the 1990 component period) the carry-forward provision shall be taken to have had effect to carry forward to the accounting period (as if disbursed as expenses for that period) so much of the pool as does not exceed the potential deficiency for the period and is permitted under section 76(2) of the Taxes Act 1988; and the amount of the pool shall be reduced accordingly.

(7) In the case of a company which has an accounting period beginning on 1st January 1990, subsection (6) above shall apply as if—

(a) any reference therein to the 1989 component period were a reference to the accounting period ending on 31st December 1989; and

(b) any reference therein to the 1990 component period were a reference to the accounting period beginning on 1st January 1990.

88 Corporation tax: policy holders' fraction of profits

(1) Subject to subsection (2) below, in the case of a company carrying on life assurance business, the rate of corporation tax chargeable for any financial year on the policy holders' fraction of its relevant profits for any accounting period shall be deemed to be the rate at which income tax at the basic rate is charged for the year of assessment which begins on 6th April in the financial year concerned.

(2) Subsection (1) above does not apply in relation to profits charged under Case I of Schedule D.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (1) above, the relevant profits of a company for an accounting period are the total profits of its life assurance business, less any deduction due under section 76 of the Taxes Act 1988, but before allowing any relief under Chapter II or Chapter IV of Part X of that Act.

(4) In determining for the purposes of section 13 of the Taxes Act 1988 (small companies' relief) the profits and basic profits (within the meaning of that section) of an accounting period of a company carrying on life assurance business, the policy holders' fraction of the company’s relevant profits for that period shall be left out of account.

(5) This section has effect with respect to the profits of a company for accounting periods beginning on or after 1st January 1990 (including the 1990 component period); and, for this purpose, the profits of the 1990 component period shall be taken to be that portion of the profits of the straddling period which the length of the 1990 component period bears to the length of the straddling period.

89 Shareholders' and policy holders' fractions

(1) In relation to an accounting period of an insurance company carrying on life assurance business, any reference to the shareholders' fraction or the policy holders' fraction is a reference to the appropriate fraction determined, subject to subsections (7) and (8) below, by the formulae in subsection (2) below.

(2) The formulae referred to in subsection (1) above are—

(a) for the shareholders' fraction,

• and

(b) for the policy holders' fraction,

• where “A” and “B” are determined in accordance with the following provisions of this section.

(3) In the formulae in subsection (2) above “A” is the profits of the company for the accounting period in respect of its life assurance business, computed in accordance with the provisions of the Taxes Act 1988 applicable to Case I of Schedule D, and, if there are no such profits (or there is a loss), “A” is zero.

(4) Subject to subsection (6) below, in those formulae “B” is such a sum as, after deduction of corporation tax at the rate provided for by subsection (1) of section 88 above in relation to the policy holders' fraction of the company’s relevant profits for the accounting period (within the meaning of that subsection), is equal to the excess (if any) for the corresponding period of account of—

(a) the aggregate of—

(i) the closing liabilities to policy holders referable to the company’s basic life assurance business,

(ii) the sums paid to policy holders in the period in respect of claims referable to that business, and

(iii) any amounts allocated to policy holders in respect of that period which do not fall within sub-paragraph (i) or sub-paragraph (ii) above and which are referable to that business,

• over

(b) the aggregate of the premiums receivable by the company for the period in respect of its basic life assurance business and the opening liabilities to policy holders referable to that business,

and, if there is no such excess, “B” is zero.

(5) The references in subsection (4) above to the opening and closing liabilities to policy holders are references to those liabilities including any such amount as is referred to in section 82(1)(b) above.

(6) In relation to an accounting period, references in subsection (4) above to the corresponding period of account are references,—

(a) if the accounting period coincides with a period of account, to that period; and

(b) in any other case, to the period of account in which the accounting period is comprised;

and, for the purpose of determining “B” in a case where paragraph (b) above applies, the aggregates referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b) of subsection (4) above shall each be proportionately reduced to reflect the length of the accounting period as compared with the length of the corresponding period of account.

(7) Subject to subsection (8) below, if in the case of any accounting period of a company both “A” and “B” in the formulae in subsection (2) above are zero,—

(a) the shareholders' fraction shall be taken to be the whole; and

(b) the policy holders' fraction shall be taken to be nil.

(8) In relation to an accounting period of an insurance company carrying on mutual life assurance business,—

(a) any reference to the shareholders' fraction is a reference to nil; and

(b) any reference to the policy holders' fraction is a reference to the whole.

90 Life policies etc. held by companies

Schedule 9 to this Act (which imposes tax on certain benefits relating to life policies, life annuities and capital redemption policies held by companies, and makes related provision) shall have effect.

Underwriters

91 Premiums trust funds: stock lending

(1) In section 725 of the Taxes Act 1988 (Lloyd’s underwriters) the following subsections shall be inserted after subsection (9)—

“(10) Subsection (11) below applies where the following state of affairs exists at the beginning of 1st January of any year or the end of 31st December of any year—

(a) securities have been transferred by the trustees of a premiums trust fund in pursuance of an arrangement mentioned in section 129(1) or (2),

(b) the transfer was made to enable another person to fulfil a contract or to make a transfer,

(c) securities have not been transferred in return, and

(d) section 129(3) applies to the transfer made by the trustees.

(11) The securities transferred by the trustees shall be treated for the purposes of subsections (1) to (6) above as if they formed part of the premiums trust fund at the beginning of 1st January concerned or the end of 31st December concerned (as the case may be).”

(2) In section 142A of the [1979 c. 14.] Capital Gains Tax Act 1979 (assets in premiums trust fund) the following subsections shall be inserted after subsection (4)—

“(4A) Subsection (4B) below applies where the following state of affairs exists at the beginning of an accounting period or the end of an accounting period—

(a) securities have been transferred by the trustees of a premiums trust fund in pursuance of an arrangement mentioned in section 129(1) or (2) of the Taxes Act 1988 (stock lending),

(b) the transfer was made to enable another person to fulfil a contract or to make a transfer,

(c) securities have not been transferred in return, and

(d) the transfer made by the trustees constitutes a disposal which by virtue of section 149B(9) below is to be disregarded as there mentioned.

(4B) The securities transferred by the trustees shall be treated for the purposes of subsection (3) above as if they formed part of the premiums trust fund at the beginning concerned or the end concerned (as the case may be).”

(3) This section applies where the transfer by the trustees of a premiums trust fund is made after the date specified as mentioned in section 129(6) of the Taxes Act 1988.

92 Regulations about underwriters etc

(1) In section 451(1A) of the Taxes Act 1988 (regulations about underwriters) for the words from “with respect to” to the end there shall be substituted the words “with respect to any year or years of assessment; and the year (or any of the years) may be the one in which the regulations are made or any year falling before or after that year.”

(2) The following subsection shall be inserted after section 451(1A) of that Act—

“(1B) But the regulations may not make provision with respect to any year of assessment which precedes the next but one preceding the year of assessment in which the regulations are made.”

(3) In section 142A of the [1979 c. 14.] Capital Gains Tax Act 1979 (regulations about premiums trust funds) subsection (5)(c) shall be omitted and the following subsections shall be inserted after subsection (5)—

“(6) Regulations under subsection (5) above may make provision with respect to any year or years of assessment; and the year (or any of the years) may be the one in which the regulations are made or any year falling before or after that year.

(7) But the regulations may not make provision with respect to any year of assessment which precedes the next but one preceding the year of assessment in which the regulations are made.”

(4) Subsection (5) below applies in the case of any provision of the Tax Acts, the [1970 c. 9.] Taxes Management Act 1970, the Capital Gains Tax Act 1979, or any other enactment relating to capital gains tax, which imposes a time limit for making a claim or an election or an application.

(5) The Board may by regulations provide that where the claim or election or application falls to be made by an underwriting member of Lloyd’s or his spouse (or both) the provision shall have effect as if it imposed such longer time limit as is specified in the regulations.

(6) Regulations under subsection (5) above—

(a) shall be made by statutory instrument subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the House of Commons;

(b) may make different provision for different provisions or different purposes.

(7) Regulations under subsection (5) above may make provision with respect to any year or years of assessment; and the year (or any of the years) may be the one in which the regulations are made or any year falling before or after that year.

Securities

93 Deep discount securities: amendments

Schedule 10 to this Act (which amends Schedule 4 to the Taxes Act 1988) shall have effect.

94 Deep gain securities

Schedule 11 to this Act (which contains provisions about securities capable of yielding a deep gain) shall have effect.

95 Treasury securities issued at a discount

(1) Section 126 of the Taxes Act 1988 (tax not to be charged on certain securities in respect of discount under Case III of Schedule D) shall be amended as mentioned in subsections (2) and (3) below.

(2) In subsection (2) (the securities affected) for the words “except Treasury bills” there shall be substituted the words “except—

(a) Treasury bills,

(b) relevant deep discount securities, and

(c) deep gain securities.”

(3) The following subsection shall be inserted after subsection (2)—

“(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) above—

(a) a relevant deep discount security is a security falling within paragraph 1(1)(dd) of Schedule 4 to this Act, and

(b) a deep gain security is a security which is a deep gain security for the purposes of Schedule 11 to the Finance Act 1989.”

(4) The preceding provisions of this section shall apply—

(a) in the case of a deep discount security, where there is a disposal (within the meaning of Schedule 4 to the Taxes Act 1988) on or after 14th March 1989;

(b) in the case of a deep gain security, where there is a transfer within the meaning of Schedule 11 to this Act, or a redemption, on or after 14th March 1989.

(5) Subsection (7) below applies where—

(a) by virtue of paragraph 19(2) of Schedule 4 to the Taxes Act 1988, a security falls to be treated as a deep discount security as there mentioned, and

(b) after the time mentioned in paragraph 19(1)(d) of that Schedule there is a disposal (within the meaning of that Schedule) of the security.

(6) Subsection (7) below also applies where—

(a) by virtue of paragraph 20(2) of Schedule 11 to this Act, a security falls to be treated as a deep gain security as there mentioned, and

(b) after the time mentioned in paragraph 20(1)(d) of that Schedule there is a transfer (within the meaning of that Schedule) or a redemption of the security.

(7) In a case where this subsection applies, section 126 of the Taxes Act 1988 shall not apply in the case of the disposal, transfer or redemption (as the case may be).

96 Securities: miscellaneous

(1) In section 452(8) of the Taxes Act 1988 (special reserve funds) for the words from “In paragraph (a) above” to the end there shall be substituted—

• “In paragraph (a) above “income” includes—

  (a)

  annual profits or gains chargeable to tax by virtue of section 714(2) or 716(3),

  (b)

  amounts treated as income chargeable to tax by virtue of paragraph 4 of Schedule 4, and

  (c)

  amounts treated as income chargeable to tax by virtue of paragraph 5 of Schedule 11 to the Finance Act 1989.”

(2) In section 687 of the Taxes Act 1988 (payments under discretionary trusts) the following shall be inserted after subsection (3)(g)—

“(h) the amount of any tax on an amount which is treated as income of the trustees by virtue of paragraph 4 of Schedule 4 and is charged to tax at a rate equal to the sum of the basic rate and the additional rate by virtue of paragraph 17 of that Schedule;

(i) the amount of any tax on an amount which is treated as income of the trustees by virtue of paragraph 5 of Schedule 11 to the Finance Act 1989 and is charged to tax at a rate equal to the sum of the basic rate and the additional rate by virtue of paragraph 11 of that Schedule;”.

(3) The following subsections shall be inserted at the end of section 132A of the [1979 c. 14.] Capital Gains Tax Act 1979 (deep discount securities)—

“(5) Where by virtue of paragraph 18(3) of Schedule 4 to the Taxes Act 1988 trustees are deemed for the purposes of that Schedule to dispose of a security at a particular time—

(a) they shall be deemed to dispose of the security at that time for the purposes of this Act, and

(b) the disposal deemed by paragraph (a) above shall be deemed to be at the market value of the security.

(6) Where by virtue of paragraph 18(4) of Schedule 4 to the Taxes Act 1988 trustees are deemed for the purposes of that Schedule to acquire a security at a particular time—

(a) they shall be deemed to acquire the security at that time for the purposes of this Act, and

(b) the acquisition deemed by paragraph (a) above shall be deemed to be at the market value of the security.”

(4) The new paragraphs (b) and (c) inserted by subsection (1) above, and subsection (2) above, shall apply—

(a) in the case of a deep discount security, where there is a disposal (within the meaning of Schedule 4 to the Taxes Act 1988) on or after 14th March 1989;

(b) in the case of a deep gain security, where there is a transfer within the meaning of Schedule 11 to this Act, or a redemption, on or after 14th March 1989.

Groups of companies

97 Set-off of ACT where companies remain in same group

(1) In section 240 of the Taxes Act 1988 (set-off of company’s ACT against subsidiary’s liability to corporation tax) at the end of subsection (5) (set-off not to be made against subsidiary’s liability to corporation tax for any accounting period in which, or in any part of which, it was not a subsidiary of the surrendering company) there shall be added the words “unless throughout that period or part both companies were subsidiaries of a third company”.

(2) This section shall have effect in relation to accounting periods ending on or after 14th March 1989.

98 Restriction on set-off of ACT

(1) After section 245 of the Taxes Act 1988 there shall be inserted—

“245A Restriction on application of section 240 in certain circumstances

(1) This section applies if—

(a) there is a change in the ownership of a company (“the relevant company”);

(b) by virtue of section 240 the relevant company is treated as having paid an amount of advance corporation tax in respect of a distribution made by it at any time before the change; and

(c) within the period of six years beginning three years before the change, there is a major change in the nature or conduct of a trade or business of the company which is for the purposes of section 240 the surrendering company in relation to that amount.

(2) No advance corporation tax which the relevant company is treated by virtue of section 240 as having paid in respect of a distribution made by it in an accounting period beginning before the change of ownership shall be treated under section 239(4) as paid by it in respect of distributions made in an accounting period ending after the change of ownership; and this subsection shall apply to an accounting period in which the change of ownership occurs as if the part ending with the change of ownership, ad the part after, were two separate accounting periods.

(3) Subsections (4) and (5) of section 245 shall apply also for the purposes of this section and as if the reference in subsection (4) of section 245 to the period of three years mentioned in subsection (1)(a) of that section were a reference to the period mentioned in subsection (1)(c) above.

(4) Sections 768(8) and (9) and 769 shall apply also for the purposes of this section and as if in subsection (3) of section 769 the reference to the benefit of losses were a reference to the benefit of advance corporation tax.

245B Restriction on set-off where asset transferred after change in ownership of company

(1) Subsection (4) below applies if—

(a) there is a change in the ownership of a company (“the relevant company”);

(b) any advance corporation tax paid by the relevant company in respect of distributions made by it in an accounting period beginning before the change is treated under section 239(4) as paid by it in respect of distributions made by it in an accounting period ending after the change;

(c) after the change the relevant company acquires an asset from another company in such circumstances that section 273(1) of the Taxes Act 1970 applies to the acquisition; and

(d) a chargeable gain accrues to the relevant company on the disposal of the asset within the period of three years beginning with the change of ownership.

(2) Subsection (1)(b) above shall apply to an accounting period in which the change of ownership occurs as if the part ending with the change of ownership, and the part after, were two separate accounting periods.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (1)(d) above an asset acquired by the relevant company as mentioned in subsection (1)(c) above shall be treated as the same as an asset owned at a later time by that company if the value of the second asset is derived in whole or in part from the first asset, and in particular where the second asset is a freehold, and the first asset was a leasehold and the lessee has acquired the reversion.

(4) In relation to the accounting period in which the chargeable gain accrues to the relevant company (“the relevant period”), section 239 shall have effect as if the limit imposed by subsection (2) of that section on the amount of advance corporation tax to be set against the relevant company’s liability to corporation tax were reduced by whichever is the lesser of—

(a) the amount of advance corporation tax that would have been payable (apart from section 241) in respect of a distribution made at the end of the relevant period of an amount which, together with the advance corporation tax so payable in respect of it, is equal to the chargeable gain, and

(b) the amount of surplus advance corporation tax in relation to the accounting period which by virtue of subsection (2) above is treated for the purposes of subsection (1)(b) above as ending with the change of ownership.

(5) Sections 768(8) and (9) and 769 shall apply also for the purposes of this section and as if in subsection (3) of section 769 the reference to the benefit of losses were a reference to the benefit of advance corporation tax.”

(2) This section shall have effect where the change in the ownership of the relevant company occurs on or after 14th March 1989.

99 Dividends etc. paid by one member of a group to another

(1) Section 247 of the Taxes Act 1988 (dividends etc. paid by one member of a group to another) shall be amended in accordance with this section.

(2) In subsection (1) for paragraph (b) there shall be substituted—

“(b) a trading or holding company which does not fall within subsection (1A) below and which is owned by a consortium the members of which include the receiving company,”.

(3) After subsection (1) there shall be inserted—

“(1A) A company falls within this subsection if—

(a) it is a 75 per cent. subsidiary of any other company, or

(b) arrangements of any kind (whether in writing or not) are in existence by virtue of which it could become such a subsidiary.”

(4) After subsection (8) there shall be inserted—

“(8A) Notwithstanding that at any time a company (“the subsidiary company”) is a 51 per cent. subsidiary of another company (“the parent company”) it shall not be treated at that time as such a subsidiary for the purposes of this section unless, additionally, at that time—

(a) the parent company would be beneficially entitled to more than 50 per cent. of any profits available for distribution to equity holders of the subsidiary company; and

(b) the parent company would be beneficially entitled to more than 50 per cent. of any assets of the subsidiary company available for distribution to its equity holders on a winding-up.”

(5) For subsection (9)(c) there shall be substituted—

“(c) a company is owned by a consortium if 75 per cent. or more of the ordinary share capital of the company is beneficially owned between them by companies resident in the United Kingdom of which none—

(i) beneficially owns less than 5 per cent. of that capital,

(ii) would be beneficially entitled to less than 5 per cent. of any profits available for distribution to equity holders of the company, or

(iii) would be beneficially entitled to less than 5 per cent. of any assets of the company available for distribution to its equity holders on a winding-up,

and those companies are called the members of the consortium.”

(6) After subsection (9) there shall be inserted—

“(9A) Schedule 18 shall apply for the purposes of subsections (8A) and (9)(c) above as it applies for the purposes of section 413(7).”

(7) This section shall have effect in relation to dividends and other sums paid on or after the day on which this Act is passed.

100 Change in ownership of company

(1) Section 769 of the Taxes Act 1988 (which contains rules for determining whether for the purposes of sections 245 and 768 of that Act there is a change in the ownership of a company) shall be amended in accordance with this section.

(2) For subsection (6) there shall be substituted—

“(6) If there is a change in the ownership of a company, including a change occurring by virtue of the application of this subsection but not a change which is to be disregarded under subsection (5) above, then—

(a) in a case falling within subsection (1)(a) above, the person mentioned in subsection (1)(a) shall be taken for the purposes of this section to acquire at the time of the change any relevant assets owned by the company;

(b) in a case falling within subsection (1)(b) above but not within subsection (1)(a) above, each of the persons mentioned in subsection (1)(b) shall be taken for the purposes of this section to acquire at the time of the change the appropriate proportion of any relevant assets owned by the company; and

(c) in any other case, each of the persons mentioned in paragraph (c) of subsection (1) above (other than any whose holding is disregarded under that paragraph) shall be taken for the purposes of this section to acquire at the time of the change the appropriate proportion of any relevant assets owned by the company.

(6A) In subsection (6) above—

• “the appropriate proportion”, in relation to one of two or more persons mentioned in subsection (1)(b) or (c) above, means a proportion corresponding to the proportion which the percentage of the ordinary share capital acquired by him bears to the percentage of that capital acquired by all those persons taken together; and

• “relevant assets”, in relation to a company, means—

  (a)

  any ordinary share capital of another company, and

  (b)

  any property or rights which under subsection (3) above may be taken into account instead of ordinary share capital of another company.

(6B) Notwithstanding that at any time a company (“the subsidiary company”) is a 75 per cent. subsidiary of another company